We study the response time of the S1 and X2 handover procedures between (H)eNBs in a CRAN and a virtualized EPC, and compare it to that for the existing nonvirtualized case.

Over the past decade the economies of East Asia and APEC more generally have been increasinglyopening up their markets, and in the process have achieved significant gains in exports and economicgrowth. In conjunction with this increased economic integration, there has been increased recognitionby regional governments of the potential for a substantial increase in the participation by smallbusin...

An Extranet is used to connect businesses with their suppliers, customers or other businesses that share common goals in a way that automates their administrative interactions using Internet technology. The security of the communications over Internet is considered an essential feature. To guarantee secure operation the aid of some user authentication infrastructure is needed. This paper introd...

Many farms have begun operating websites in order to promote their businesses. This study used data from a survey of farms in the northeastern U.S. for the year 2004 in order to identify characteristics of farmers, farms, and farm businesses associated with website adoption. Following a technology adoption framework, a Probit model of website adoption was estimated to identify significant relat...

Web services are in the midst of making the transition from being a promising technology to being widely used in the industry. However, most efforts to use Web services have been manual, thus slowing down the ever changing and dynamic businesses of today. In this paper, we contend that more expressive descriptions of Web services will lead to greater automation and thus provide more agility to ...

The importance of new technology in marketing of financial services can't be ignored. Interactive technology helps marketers to inexpensively engage consumers in onetoone relationships fueled by two way conversation via mouse click on computer. Several organizations especially in services businesses are increasingly strengthening their marketing function by effectively interacting with their cu...

(*See endnotes for complete contributor biographies.) Virtually all aspects of economic activity–individual consumption, business investment, and government spending–affect greenhouse gas emissions and, hence, the global climate. An effective climate change policy would change the decision calculus for these activities to promote more ef1⁄2cient generation and use of energy, lower carbon-intens...

Electronics and telecommunications are rapidly changing and are having significant impacts on social and economic activity, with major implications for transportation. Location of businesses and households may be altered as telecommunications options improve. Already, there is evidence that businesses have become less dependent on proximate locations as electronic links have become more effecti...

As value networks evolve, we observe the phenomenon of businesses consolidating through mergers and businesses disaggregating and then virtually “re-merging” dynamically to respond to new opportunities. But these constituent businesses were not built in any standard way, and neither were their IT systems. An example in the industrial sector is the need to merge product and parts catalogs, and s...