Experiments aimed at increasing the efficiency of transduction by the virulent group A strepto­ coccal phage A 25 were carried out using temperature-sensitive phage mutants. Lysates of phages carrying ts mutations proved to transduce more efficiently than wild type lysates, the order of in­ creasing effectiveness being ts+ < tsl ~ ts2 < tsl —2. Differential survival of the recipient, K 56, appe...

An electrochemical cell using an organic compound, copper (II) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuTsPc,) has been fabricated and investigated as a solution-based temperature sensor. The capacitance and resistance of the ITO/CuTsPc solution/ITO chemical cell has been characterized as a function of temperature in the temperature range of 25-80 °C. A linear response with minimal...

Given the importance of cross-disciplinary research (CDR), facilitating CDR effectiveness is a priority for many institutions and funding agencies. There are a number of CDR types, however, and the effectiveness of facilitation efforts will require sensitivity to that diversity. This article presents a method characterizing a spectrum of CDR designed to inform facilitation efforts that relies o...

As a country which frequently suffers from natural disasters, especially earthquakes, China has implemented its own disaster management system to respond to them. The Chinese government gained practical experiences on how to respond to severe earthquakes after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and 2010 Yushu Earthquake. Although China has done a lot to improve its response operations, challenges rem...

waterlogging is one of the problems of cotton-growing in rainy regions which affects adversely plant growth in the early stages. so that rainfall causes waterlogging in early to mid spring in the fields without proper drainage. also, rainfall declines soil and environment temperatures. to investigate the effects of waterlogging period duration and temperature on vegetative properties and glycol...

Leaf gas exchange and temperature response were measured to assess temperature acclimation within a tree canopy in climatically contrasting genotypes of Acer rubrum L. Over the course of two 50 d continuous periods, growth temperature was controlled within tree crowns and the steady-state rate of leaf gas exchange was measured. Data were then modelled to calculate the influence of genotype vari...

Warren, Gordon L., Christopher P. Ingalls, and R. B. Armstrong. Temperature dependency of force loss and Ca2 homeostasis in mouse EDL muscle after eccentric contractions. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 282: R1122–R1132, 2002. First published December 21, 2001; 10.1152/ajpregu.00671.2001.—The goals of this study were first to determine the effect of temperature on the force los...

25-Dihydrosaframycin A(AR1) and 21-decyano-25-dihydrosaframycin A(AR3) were produced by the microbial conversion of saframycin A(SA). Efficient conversion of SA to AR, and AR3 was observed with Rhodococcus amidophifus IFM 144. Though the antimicrobial activity of AR, was one tenth that of SA, the in vitro antitumor activity of AR1 was found to be equivalent to that of SA. In contrast, AR, was b...

One important determinant of the speed and success of transition will be the efficiency of transformation and development of the infrastructure sectors. A great deal of attention has been paid to issues such as privatisation, restructuring, user prices, and terms of access in these sectors, regarding both developed and developing countries. Some issues regarding vertical restructuring are notab...

Research in virtual teams and distributed work argues that the lack of collocation places an overhead on the performance potential of large, globally distributed teams. In this paper, we revisit this tenet through a case study of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) development to demonstrate how globally dispersed FLOSS communities manage to overcome the problem of geographic separation of ...