A number of recent studies have documented that pyrogenic carbon (PyC) is an integral and significant proportion of DOM in worldwide rivers. This material originates from all fractions of the PyC continuum, from highly condensed PyC to more functionalized components that retain some structural identity of fuel molecules. Understanding the transfer of PyC to river systems is paramount for Arctic...

The hypothesis that temperate stream fishes alter habitat use in response to changing water temperature and stream discharge was evaluated over a 1 year period in the Neosho River, Kansas, U.S.A. at two spatial scales. Winter patterns differed from those of all other seasons, with shallower water used less frequently, and low-flow habitat more frequently, than at other times. Non-random habitat...

1. Epilithic biofilm biomass was measured for 14 months in two sites, located upand downstream of the city of Toulouse in the Garonne River (south-west France). Periodical sampling provided a biomass data set to compare with simulations from the model of Uehlinger, Bürher and Reichert (1996: Freshwater Biology, 36, 249–263.), in order to evaluate the impact of hydraulic disturbance. 2. Despite ...

Smolt survival through the Columbia/Snake river hydrosystem and tributaries of the Snake River are evaluated with the XT-model, which describes predator-prey interactions in terms of migration distance and time, temperature, turbidity, and a random encounter velocity between predators and prey. In this formulation, smolt survival depends on both distance traveled and exposure time, and the impo...

Flow-rate measurement in rivers under different conditions is required for river management purposes including water resources planning, pollution prevention, and flood control. This study proposed a new discharge estimation method by using a mean velocity derived from a 2D velocity distribution formula based on Tsallis entropy concept. This procedure is done based on several factors which refl...

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Hypotheses on factors affecting in–river survival .......................................................... 2 Delayed mortality effects................................................................................................ 4 Exploring larger impacts.........

Predictions of suspended sediment load for Soolegan River, Iran using selected empirical equ-ations were made based on 355 data sets. Data include flow discharges from 3.11 m3/s to 43.81 m3/s, flow velocities from 0.22 m/s to 1.03 m/s, and flow depths from 0.5 to 1.03 m. Equations of Einstein (1950), Bagnold (1966), Toufalleti (1968), Brooks (1963), Chang-Simons-Richardson(1965),Lane-Kalinske (...