This note examines trends in elective deferrals from 1990 through 2001. Elective deferrals of earnings―401(k)-type plans and similar arrangements for deferring income taxation of earnings placed in retirement accounts―first became common in the early 1980s and have grown in popularity since then. Trends in elective deferrals are potentially important in analyzing historical earnings data and in...

This paper divulges the long term relationship among earning, investment and dividends from 2000 to 2011. Empirical evidence was collected to explore the Modigliani and miller theory of dividend irrelevance. Data was collected from all the sectors but it was ensured that firms did not have negative data of earnings as it is earnings which are either transformed into investment or dividends. Mul...

This study shows that analysts vary significantly in their responsiveness to earnings announcements, where responsiveness is defined as promptness of analysts’ first forecast revisions for the next quarter since the prior quarterly earnings announcements. Further evidence indicates that analysts’ responsiveness improves the efficiency of their expectations of future earnings immediately after t...

Racial and ethnic differentials in marriage are large and may contribute to maintaining inequalities. Previous research identifies economic factors, particularly low levels of employment stability and earnings, as important contributors to depressed marriage rates among blacks. Yet group differences in employment and earnings do not offer sufficient explanations for race and ethnic variation in...

In this study, I investigate whether market learning explains the absence of the accrual anomaly in recent years by examining three conditions associated with the presence of the anomaly in prior research: (i) a differential relation between future earnings and cash flows versus accruals, (ii) incorrect weighting of cash flows and accruals by investors when predicting earnings, and (iii) associ...

Our understanding about the relationship between education and lifetime earnings often neglects differences by field of study. Utilizing data that matches respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal earnings records based on administrative tax information, we investigate the trajectories of annual earnings following the same individuals over 20 years and ...

Using Census data covering the 1980-2000 period, we examine what outcomes would be necessary for today’s recent immigrant cohorts to achieve earnings parity with Canadian-born workers. Our results show that today’s recent immigrants would have to experience a drastic steepening of their relative age-earnings profile in the near future for their earnings to converge with their Canadianborn count...

Gender earnings differentials in urban China by region and their changes during the first decade of economic reform are examined. It is found that the female–male earnings ratio increased during the early stage of reform. The male earnings premium, overall, showed an increasing trend in the later stage of reform. Decomposition of the gender earnings differential reveals that a relatively lower ...

Why do large positive earnings surprises occur? The literature often treats large earnings surprises as the exogenous event that precipitates subsequent stock price drift, but analyst expectations and earnings realizations are the result of conscious decisions made by analysts and managers. While neither analysts nor managers have an obvious incentive for an extreme deviation between expected a...