A robust method for spatial prediction of landslide hazard in roaded and roadless areas of forest is described. The method is based on assigning digital terrain attributes into continuous landform classes. The continuous landform classification is achieved by applying a fuzzy k-means approach to a watershed scale area before the classification is extrapolated to a broader region. The extrapolat...

soil texture is an important soil physical property that governs most physical, chemical, biological, and hydrological processes in soils. detailed information on soil texture variability is crucial for proper crop and land management and environmental studies. therefore, at present research, 103 soil profiles were dogged and then sampled in order to prepare digital map of soil texture in bijar...

Communicating planning results within expert groups or to local citizens is crucial for the planning process to be efficient. Although 2-dimensional representations are still predominantly used in spatial planning, recently digital 3Dvisualizations have become more common. However, the validation of simulations of virtual landscapes regarding their degree of realism has so far been neglected in...

In order for an autonomous military robot to “appropriately” navigate through a complex environment, it must have an in-depth understanding of the immediate surroundings. In the military sense, appropriate navigation implies the robot will avoid collision or contact with hazards, will not be falsely re-routed around traversible terrain due to false hazard detections, and will exploit the terrai...

–Biological, chemical, and physical attributes of aquatic ecosystems are often strongly influenced by groundwater delivery. Nonetheless, access to predictions of groundwater contributions to rivers, lakes, and wetlands at a scale useful to resource managers is generally lacking due to the data requirements of current groundwater models. In this paper, we implement and validate a simple, terrain...

A procedural-animation-based approach which rapidly synthesize the adaptive locomotion for quadruped characters that they can walk or run in any directions on an uneven terrain within a dynamic environment was proposed. We devise practical motion models of the quadruped animals for adapting to a varied terrain in a real-time manner. While synthesizing locomotion, we choose the corresponding mot...

This paper presents a rule-based Fuzzy Traversability Index that quantifies the ease-of-traversal of a terrain by a mobile robot based on real-time measurements of terrain characteristics retrieved from imagery data. These characteristics include, but are not limited to: slope, roughness, hardness, and discontinuity. The proposed representation of terrain traversability incorporates an intuitiv...

We review various recent approaches to making digital soil maps based on geographic information systems (GIS) data layers, note some commonalities and propose a generic framework for the future. We discuss the various methods that have been, or could be, used for fitting quantitative relationships between soil properties or classes and their ‘environment’. These include generalised linear model...

BACKGROUND With myriad geospatial datasets now available for terrain information extraction and particularly streamline demarcation, there arises questions regarding the scale, accuracy and sensitivity of the initial dataset from which these aspects are derived, as they influence all other parameters computed subsequently. In this study, digital elevation models (DEM) derived from Advanced Spac...

High spatial resolution measurements of vegetation structure in three-dimensions (3D) are essential for accurate estimation of vegetation biomass, carbon accounting, forestry, fire hazard evaluation and other land management and scientific applications. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is the current standard for these measurements but requires bulky instruments mounted on commercial aircraf...