This paper presents the experimental design and subsequent findings from a series of experiments in a large boundary layer wind tunnel to investigate the variation of surface pressures with increasing upwind terrain roughness on low-rise buildings. Geometrically scaled models of the Wind Engineering Research Field Laboratory experimental building were subjected to a wide range of turbulent boun...

The rating curve is the relationship between the water stage and the associated discharge in a givensection of a channel. In steady flow, this relationship usually has exponential type, whereas inunsteady it flow has a looped shape. Since direct developing of actual looped rating curve by usinghydrometric methods is merely possible, steady-state rating curve is commonly used as a downstreamboun...

TWODEE-2 is a FORTRAN 90 code based on previous code (TWODEE). It is designed to solve the shallow water equations for fluid depth, depth-averaged horizontal velocities and depth-averaged fluid density. The shallow layer approach used by TWODEE-2 is a compromise between the complexity of CFD models and the simpler integral models. It can be used for forecasting gas dispersion near the ground an...

Abstract Context Landscape modification alters the condition of ecosystems and structure terrain, with widespread impacts on biodiversity ecosystem functioning. Seafloor dredging a diversity flora fauna in many coastal landscapes, these processes also transform three-dimensional terrain features. The potential ecological significance changes urban seascapes has, however, not been investigated. ...

The planetary topography has been the main focus of the in-orbital remote sensing. In spite of the recent development in active and passive sensing technologies to reconstruct three dimensional planetary topography, the resolution limit of range measurement is theoretically and practically obvious. Therefore, the extraction of inner topographical height variation within a measurement spot is ve...

Co-plarized of radar backscattering coefficient 0 hh σ and 0 vv σ are estimated for soil surface using a standard theortical model IEM (Integrtion Eequation Model). The surface parameters for model are , dielectric constant and roughness, are determined by experimental technique. The real and imaginary parts ( ε' and ε") of dielectric constant of soil determine by wave guide cell method at a si...

A demonstration 3D channel prediction model was used in example scenarios in hilly terrain and undulating rural terrain. The model is comprised of a 2D vertical Tx-Rx-plane component as well as 3D components due to off-axis scattering. The latter components are found using rough surface scattering estimation. In the implementation a novel high performance scattering model called the amplitude/p...

Somatosensory stimuli are known to activate the postcentral gyrus, and neurons there fire when the skin is in contact with objects. Also neurons in the lateral fissure, the parietal operculum, fire when rough surfaces are felt. However the localization of somatosensory association areas in humans is largely unknown and differences in functional contributions between somatosensory association ar...

The present work describes the evaluation of the conventional roughness parameters and fractal dimensions of the surface profiles generated by turning of brass with different machining conditions such as depth of cut, work-piece speed and feed rate. The surface roughness parameters on the generated-turned surfaces were measured with a stylus-type profilometer and processed through the dedicated...