AIM To compare ex vivo the performance of the Apex Finder and the Root ZX apex locators, with and without irrigant, in canals having different diameters. METHODOLOGY Sixty canals in 60 teeth were prepared using stainless steel hand files and 0.04 taper NiTi rotary instruments. During preparation the narrowest diameter of the canal was transported to the apical root surface. The canals were ir...

OBJECTIVE Dissection of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries is a well recognized cause of stroke, especially in the middle-aged. The exact etiology of this condition is controversial. According to one theory there is an underlying vasculopathy originating from disturbed development of the neural crest. The neural crest gives rise to several tissues, including the tunica media of large c...

The root : shoot ratio for Ilex cassine L. grown 7 months in copper-treated containers was less than in nontreated containers. There was less dry weight for roots <5 mm in diameter in copper-treated containers than in nontreated containers in the outer 1 cm of the rootball. Dry weight of roots >5 mm in diameter within the rootball were not affected by copper hydroxide treatment. Coating the int...

In this study, we quantified and analyzed the root-cutting process of garlic with a test bench pressure sensors on basis comparative analysis various information perception methods. On output value sensor, force curve roots was plotted, double round blade cutting module is optimized diagram. The innovative proposal slotted blades for root presented here. diameter 110 mm, center distance 100 thi...

Understanding root processes at the whole-plant or ecosystem scales requires an accounting of the range of functions within a root system. Studying root traits based on their branching order can be a powerful approach to understanding this complex system. The current study examined the highly branched root system of the ericoid plant, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (highbush blueberry) by classifying ...

This study aimed to investigate a causal relationship between the stability of orthodontic anchor screws (screws) and the degree of their proximity to the root (root proximity) using mobility test device (Periotest) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). In total, 165 (diameter 1.6 mm; length 8 mm) screws in 58 patients (average age, 24.4 ± 8.5 years) were evaluated. After screw placement, C...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of three acids on the microhardness of set mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and root dentin, and cytotoxicity on murine macrophage. MATERIALS AND METHODS OrthoMTA (BioMTA) was mixed and packed into the human root dentin blocks of 1.5 mm diameter and 5 mm height. Four groups, each of ten roots, were exposed to 10% citric acid (CA), 5% glycolic acid (GA), 17% ...

Dynamic task-dependent regulation of reflexes controlled by the central nervous system plays an integral part in neurocontrol of locomotion. Such modifications of sensory-motor transmission can be studied by conditioning a test reflex with specific motor tasks. To elicit short-latency test reflexes, we applied a novel transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation technique that depolarizes large-diame...