During the last ten years important achievements have been made throughout the world in the fight against infectious diseases, particularly those preventable by vaccination. the combined efforts of researchers, industry and health workers have made it possible to fully exploit the potential of the new vaccines, using them in the most rational way possible on the basis of the latest epidemiologi...

BACKGROUND Diphtheria (D), tetanus (T), pertussis (P), hepatitis B (HepB), invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, and measles cause substantial global morbidity and mortality. METHODS This unique review highlights geographic differences in disease burden across certain countries in the African, Americas, Mediterranean, South-East Asian, and Western Pacific World Health Organiza...

Onchocerca volvulus infection has been associated with impaired cellular responses to parasite antigens, an impairment that may also extend to nonparasite antigens. To investigate the mechanism of this impaired immune response, the effect of concurrent O. volvulus infection on the immune response to tetanus toxoid (TT) following tetanus vaccination was studied. The proliferative, cytokine, and ...

The effectiveness of vaccination programs would be enhanced greatly through the availability of vaccines that can be administered simply and, preferably, painlessly without the need for timed booster injections. Tetanus is a prime example of a disease that is readily preventable by vaccination but remains a major threat to public health due to the problems associated with administration of the ...

OBJECTIVE To study the demographic and clinical features, outcome, complications and treatment cost of tetanus patients admitted in Paediatirc Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Civil Hospital Karachi (CHK). METHODS It is a descriptive observational study conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi from July 2013 to June 2015. Patients of tetanus admitted in PICU during the study period were enrolled. Dat...

Background Tetanus is an acute vaccine preventable illness manifested by neuromuscular dysfunction due to a potent exotoxin, tetanospasmin produced by Clostridium tetani. It is a common health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess clinical profile and outcome of Pediatrics tetanus in a referral hospital, South Ethiopia. Methods This is a retrospect...

BACKGROUND People who present to the emergency department often do not know their tetanus immunisation status. The Protetanus test can determine whether a person is immune and can guide treatment decisions. OBJECTIVES To examine whether testing all patients for immunity is clinically advisable and cost-effective. METHODS 200 patients presenting to the emergency department with wounds were a...

BACKGROUND In 1988, WHO estimated around 787,000 newborns deaths due to neonatal tetanus. Despite few success stories majority of the Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) are still struggling to reduce neonatal mortality due to neonatal tetanus. We conducted a systematic review to understand the interventions that have had a substantial effect on reducing neonatal mortality rate due to neona...

Tetanus, caused by a grave and potentially lethal bacteria, is medical condition that severely affects the central nervous system demands vigilant attention comprehensive preventive measures to safeguard public health. The onset of this sudden characterized emergence intense tonic muscle spasms, underscoring its critical nature. In Türkiye, around 50 cases are officially reported each year; how...

Immune suppression resulting from prolonged chemoprophylaxis and potential drug-vaccine interaction were investigated within the context of a randomized placebo-controlled trial that compared daily primaquine or weekly chloroquine administration for malaria prevention. After 11 months of prophylaxis, adult male subjects received a tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccination. Prophylaxis continued 4 wee...