T exture analysis is the extraction of textural features from images (Tuceryan and Jain, 1998). The meaning of texture varies, depending on the area of science in which it is used. In general, texture refers to the physical character of an object or the appearance of an image. In image analysis, texture is defined as a function of the spatial variation in intensities of pixels (Tuceryan and Jai...

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a disease caused by high level of glucose in retina vessels. This malicious put millions people around the world at risk for vision loss each year. Being life-threatening disease, early diagnosis can be an effective step treatment and prevention loss. To automate process, computer-aided methods are not only useful detecting diabetic signatures but also provide infor...

Introduction The texture is " A measure of the variation of the intensity of a surface, quantifying properties such as smoothness, coarseness, and regularity. " Textures are homogenous visual patterns in a scene such as grass, cloud, wood, and sand. Although the stated definition is an acceptable one, Zucker and Kant described the textures as: "Texture is an apparently paradoxical notion. On th...

Texture is one of the most significant characteristics for retrieving visually similar patterns in remote sensing images. Traditional approaches for texture analysis are based on symbolic descriptions and statistical methods. This study proposes a new method to extract and classify texture patterns from multispectral Landsat TM satellite images using optimized clustering and probabilistic infer...