Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are endemic in swine and represent a public health risk. However, there is limited information on the genetic diversity of swine IAVs within farrow-to-wean farms, which is where most pigs are born. In this longitudinal study, we sampled 5 farrow-to-wean farms for a year and collected 4,190 individual nasal swabs from three distinct pig subpopulations. Of these, 207 (4...

BACKGROUND: Microbial quality of drinking water is very important in animal health. OBJECTIVES: The present survey was conducted to evaluate the microbial quality of cows' drinking water in dairy farms in Mashhad suburb, Iran, to find out defects in this field. METHODS: Water samples were taken from 30 farms and 4 sites including: Water tanks,  inlet and outlet  of bovine drinking troughs and c...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) displays notorious genetic, antigenic, and clinical variability. Little is known, however, about the nature and extent of viral variation present within naturally infected animals. By amplifying and cloning the open reading frame 5 gene from tonsils of naturally infected swine, and by sequencing individual clones, we characterized vira...

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease-digested genomic DNA from a large collection of clinical isolates of Rhodococcus equi, an important pathogen of foals, was used to compare strain distribution between farms and over time. Forty-four strains were found among 209 isolates, with 5 of these accounting for over half the isolates and the 22 strains isolated more than once a...

Increasing human population and reliance on aquaculture for seafood will lead to expansion of the industry in the open ocean. To guide environmentally sustainable expansion, coastal stakeholders require tools to evaluate the risks that marine aquaculture poses and to craft science-based policies and practices which safeguard marine ecosystems. We summarized current knowledge regarding dissolved...

abstract the existence of various perceptions related to the efficiency of water use in agricultural sector can hamper the development of appropriate water resource conservation policies. particularly, when there has been an emphasis on increasing water use efficiency by improvement in irrigation systems. the main purpose of current study is to estimate excess water use for a sample of 15 farms...

Consumers who had purchased farm products from both quarantined and nonquarantined farms were examined during the cross-sectional clinical survey of 1,029 Michigan residents. Since PBB had inadvertently contaminated cattle and other farm animals, ingestion of meat, milk, eggs and other farm products was thought to have possibly resulted in significant PBB body burdens in some consumers. Finding...

The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of Enterisol Ileitis vaccine administered orally in water against porcine proliferative enteropathy. For a comparison, two administration protocols were used for the vaccination: individual oral drench or via drinking water accessible to the herd. The efficacy of the vaccine was studied on breeding, commercial, and fattening swine farms. As...

Pastures located on southern Iowa cow/calf farms, from 8 to 125 ha in size, were used to evaluate the effects of microclimate, shade, botanical composition, and other pasture characteristics influencing the temporal/ spatial distribution of cattle within and outside streamside zones of pastures. Cows were Angus and Angus-cross on 4 of the farms, and Mexican Corriente on the remaining farm. Duri...