Breaking down the time limit constraints for conventional compression–permeation (C–P) cell test, this work has, for the first time, experimentally evaluated the cake characteristics of viable wasteactivated sludge subject to polyelectrolyte flocculation and to freeze/thaw treatment under a pressure range of 25–200 kPa. There exists a threshold pressure exceeding which the cake structure would ...

The effects of freeze/thaw (F/T) cycling on the structure of dry Nafion® membranes were investigated using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The method correlates the lifetime and relative intensity of positrons (anti-electrons) annihilating in the open-volume voids of the membrane with void size and void volume fraction. The results, though still preliminary, show freeze/thaw...

Complete closure of retinal neovascularisation due to proliferative sickle cell retinopathy was achieved in 28 'sea fans' (areas of neovascularisation) in 9 eyes of 9 patients by means of a triple freeze-thaw technique. However, 2 eyes developed subsequent rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, presumably related to vitreous traction on necrotic retina. We therefore recommend photocoagulation as...

Introduction Conclusions References

Introduction Conclusions References

Acknowledgements: These data were generated through a grant from the NASA MEaSUREs program. Portions of this work were conducted at the

1. Plant production in subarctic peatlands is nitrogen (N)-limited. Climate warming increases N mineralization in superficial peat layers and recent results additionally show that permafrost thawing in these peatlands may substantially increase plant-available N at the thaw front. This might stimulate net primary production and affect species composition. However, the ability of individual peat...

BACKGROUND Decellularization of tendon tissue plays a pivotal role in current tissue engineering approaches for in vitro research as well as for translation of graft-based tendon restoration into clinics. Automation of essential decellularization steps like freeze-thawing is crucial for the development of more standardized decellularization protocols and commercial graft production under good m...

The Arctic is in transition from climate-driven thawing of permafrost. We investigate satellite-derived water equivalent mass changes, snow water equivalent with in situ measurements of runoff and ground-survey derived geoid models from 1999 through 2009. The Alaskan Arctic coastal plain groundwater storage (including wetland bog, thaw pond and lake) is increasing by 1.15 ± 0.65 km 3 /a (area-a...