The development of Information-Centric Networking (ICN) concepts is one of the significant results of different international Future Internet research activities. In the approaches, the networking paradigm shifts from the host-to-host communication to the information-based communication. The ICN concept is receiving huge attention because of the increasing demand for highly scalable and efficie...

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) are commonly believed to offer their customers protection against application-level denial of service (DoS) attacks. Indeed, a typical CDN with its vast resources can absorb these attacks without noticeable effect. This paper uncovers a vulnerability which not only allows an attacker to penetrate CDN’s protection, but to actually use a content delivery network t...

Due to the technical developments in electronics the amount of digital content is continuously increasing. In order to make digital content respectively multimedia content available to potentially large and geographically distributed consumer populations, Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) are used. The main task of current CDNs is the efficient delivery and increased availability of content ...

We discuss the design methodology used to achieve commercial-quality reliability in the Akamai content delivery network. The network consists of 15,000+ servers in 1,100+ networks and spans 65+ countries. Despite the scale of the Akamai CDN and the unpredictable nature of the underlying Internet, we seek to build a system of extremely high reliability. We present some simple principles we use t...

We describe how malicious customers can attack the availability of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) by creating forwarding loops inside one CDN or across multiple CDNs. Such forwarding loops cause one request to be processed repeatedly or even indefinitely, resulting in undesired resource consumption and potential Denial-of-Service attacks. To evaluate the practicality of such forwarding-loop a...

Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) are used extensively on the WWW to relieve hot spots and reduce client latency when delivering web documents, but recently their role has been extended to the delivery of streaming multimedia content. Efficient placement of replicas in a CDN is very important, particularly when the content is large in size as is the case with high-quality TV content. This pa...

Increased demand for cooling and decreased demand for heating in the built environment is one of the main anticipated modes of adaptation to higher temperatures due to climate change. California’s residential sector uses relatively little electricity for heating. It is therefore expected that the demand for electricity will increase at the intensive margin as households operate existing air con...

Content distribution networks (CDNs) increase the capacity of individual Web sites and attempt to deliver content from caches that are located “closer” to end-users than the origin servers that provide the content. CDN brokering provides CDNs a way to interoperate by allowing one CDN to intelligently redirect clients dynamically to other CDNs. This paper describes the goals, architecture, and p...

As the volume of content served by content distribution networks (CDNs) grows, these networks evolve to improve performance. Their performance is difficult to characterize because it depends on a number of factors. In this paper, we develop a methodology called DBit that can determine whether one CDN’s user-perceived performance is statistically different from another. We validate DBit and demo...