precipitation patterns are influenced by many factors, such as global atmospheric circulations to name but one. precipitation patterns in iran have always had great fluctuations even in a smaller scale like the alburz mountain range. the present research has tried to find the relationship between global atmospheric patterns and the pervasive precipitation ones in alburz. for doing so, 17 climat...

The interaction between tropical Atlantic variability and El Ni~ no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated using three ensembles of atmospheric general circulation model integrations. The integrations are forced by specifying observed sea surface temperature (SST) variability over a forcing domain. The forcing domain is the global ocean for the rst ensemble, limited to the tropical ocean f...

The lower Colorado River basin is located in an area of known El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence. A streamflow forecast is developed using Pacific Ocean Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) as predictors in addition to a traditional ENSO predictor, such as the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Significant regions of SST influence on streamflow were determined using linear correlations (LC...

The existence of quasi-decadal variability in the Pacific sector climate (e.g., Latif and Barnett 1994, 1996; Mantua et al. 1997; Minobe 1997) has important implications for long-range climate prediction in North America. The spatial manifestations in climate variables around the North Pacific sector associated with the North Pacific oscillation (NPO) are qualitatively similar to those of ENSO....

The mechanism and sensitivity of the lagged response of tropical tropospheric temperature to El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST forcing are examined using the Quasi-Equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model (QTCM) coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean model, along with a simple analytical model. It is found that the lag and amplitude of tropospheric temperature response depend on mixed layer d...

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an important element of earth's ocean-climate system. To further understand its past variability, proxy records from climate archives need to be studied. Ice cores from high alpine glaciers may contain high resolution ENSO proxy information, given the glacier site is climatologically sensitive to ENSO. 5 We investigated signals of ENSO in the climate of th...

This study examines the linkages between leading patterns of interannual sea level pressure (SLP) variability over the extratropical Pacific (208–608N) and the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the extratropical SLP anomalies represents variations of the Aleutian low, and the second E...

Recent research has revealed new insights into the temperature, size, and variability of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) and the nature of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions from foraminiferal Mg/Ca, alkenone, and revised coral Sr/Ca palaeothermometry agree that SSTs in the IPWP during the LGM were B3 C c...

Epidemics of konzo have occurred during severe droughts in parts of east, central, and southern Africa since the 1920s. Occurrence is attributed to exposure to cyanide from poorly processed cassava foods, the sole source of calories when other food crops fail. El Niño, the warm phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), induces severe droughts in the geographical areas of Africa where ep...

The ocean and atmosphere are in constant exchange of heat, water, and momentum. The interaction of the ocean and atmosphere adds shades and rhythms in the structure of tropical climate. Ocean-atmosphere interaction research has experienced rapid growth in studying El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and yielded tremendous benefits by enabling and improving the prediction of ENSO and important ...