We appreciate the comments made by Tashkin et al regarding the limited generalisability of the Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium (UPLIFT) findings. In response, the sample we studied was not designed to be representative of the general chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) population, but rather the subgroup of patients with severe COPD who are likely ...

[1] The western Andean mountain front forms the western edge of the central Andean Plateau. Between 18.5 and 22 S latitude, the mountain front has 3000 m of relief over 50 km horizontal distance that has developed in the absence of major local Neogene deformation. Models of the evolution of the plateau, as well as paleoaltimetry estimates, all call for continued large-magnitude uplift of the pl...

Six localities in the lower Chinle Group of central New Mexico yield a tetrapod fauna consisting of the diminutive metoposaurid cf. Apachesaurus sp., and indeterminate large metoposaurids (probably Buettneria sp.), the phytosaur Rutiodon sp., indeterminate phytosaurs, the aetosaurs Desmatosuchus sp. and cf Stagonolepis sp., a probable theropod, and other, indeterminate archosaurs. Five of these...

The Upper Mississippi Embayment (UME), where the seismically active New Madrid Seismic Zone resides, experienced two phases of subsidence commencing in the Late Precambrian and Cretaceous, respectively. To provide new constraints on models proposed for the mechanisms responsible for the subsidence, we computed and stacked P-to-S receiver functions recorded by 49 USArray and other seismic statio...

The surface uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya is among the most interesting topics in geosciences because of its effect on regional and global climate during Cenozoic time, its influence on monsoon intensity, and its reflection of the dynamics of continental plateaus. Models of plateau growth vary in time, from pre-India-Asia collision (e.g., approximately 100 Ma ago) to gradua...

www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of June 5, 2007 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5792/1419 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5792/1419/DC1 can be found ...

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) imaging of the central Rio Grande rift (New Mexico, USA) during 1992-1999 reveals a crustal uplift of several centimeters that spatially coincides with the seismologically determined outline of the Socorro magma body, one of the largest currently active magma intrusions in the Earth’s continental crust. Modeling of interferograms shows that the o...

1. introduction the analysis of drainage networks is a powerful tool to detect recent tectonic activity and uplift, as river channels are very sensitive to changes in the parameters that control their shapes and. climate changes, tectonics and lithology affect river equilibrium conditions and hence, river geometry. a river is in dynamic equilibrium when erosion keeps pace with sedimentation and...