The hexosamine pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. We determined first that hyperglycemia induced a decrease in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells via increased production of mitochondrial superoxide and a concomitant 2.4-fold increase in hexosamine pathway activity. Both decreased glyceraldehyde-3-phosphat...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in tissue injury after ischemia-reperfusion. Their implication in leukocyte adherence and increase in permeability at the venular side of the microcirculation have been reported, but very little is known about ROS production in arterioles. The objective of this work was to evaluate, in the arteriole wall in vivo, the temporal changes in superoxide anion...

Since the experiments of KEARNEY 1 it has been known that both particle-bound and soluble succinate dehydrogenase can be activated by its substrate succinate and by competitive inhibitors such as fumarate, malonate and phosphate. Binding at the active centre apparently brings the enzyme in an active conformation. GUTMAN et al. 2) 3 have recently reported that NADH is as effective as succinate i...

In cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMVEC) of newborn pigs, glutamate at excitotoxic concentrations (mM) causes apoptosis mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carbon monoxide (CO) produced by CMVEC or delivered by a CO-releasing molecule, CORM-A1, has antioxidant properties. We tested the hypothesis that CORM-A1 prevents cerebrovascular endothelial barrier dysfunction caused by g...

© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com through the excitation of OH vibrations.[5] On the other hand, the mechanical properties of supramolecular gels typically suffer from the relatively weak noncovalent interactions among the constituent components.[6] This drawback also limits construction of free-standing objects from the luminescent gels.[7] Herein for ...

Inflammatory brain disease may damage cerebral vascular endothelium leading to cerebral blood flow dysregulation. The proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha causes oxidative stress and apoptosis in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMVEC) from newborn pigs. We investigated contribution of major cellular sources of reactive oxygen species to endothelial inflammatory response. Nitric oxide sy...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect on BCG of n-octanesulphonylacetamide (OSA), a novel compound of the class beta-sulphonylcarboxamides, which has potent in vitro activity against pathogenic mycobacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of OSA in BCG was examined using two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. Treatment of BCG with OSA resulted in overexpression of two proteins identified as the...

PURPOSE There is growing evidence that oxidative stress contributes to the progression of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The authors provide evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is a possible mechanism for the loss of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in persons with POAG. METHODS TM from patients with POAG (GTM) and age-matched subjec...

Leptin, a circulating hormone secreted mainly from adipose tissues, is involved in the control of body weight. The plasma concentrations are correlated with body mass index, and are reported to be high in patients with insulin resistance, which is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the direct effect of leptin on vascular wall cells is not fully understood. In thi...

Running Title: Palmitate-induced hepatic insulin resistance Visceral adiposity in obesity causes excessive free fatty acid (FFA) flux into the liver via the portal vein and may cause fatty liver disease and hepatic insulin resistance. However, because animal models of insulin resistance induced by lipid infusion or a high-fat diet are complex and may be accompanied by alterations not restricted...