The production and maintenance of genetic and phenotypic diversity under temporally fluctuating selection and the signatures of environmental changes in the patterns of this variation have been important areas of focus in population genetics. On one hand, periods of constant selection pull the genetic makeup of populations toward local fitness optima. On the other, to cope with changes in the s...

Scientific discourses are rhetorical constructs for interpreting, articulating, and coordinating the bits of information and knowledge produced by science. Discourses also help scientific communities promote and advocate particular strategies for action. A review of the literature on ecological integrity has led us to identify four scientific discourses: (1) Wilderness-Normative, (2) Systemic-N...

BACKGROUND Non-equilibrium charge transport in superconductors has been investigated intensely in the 1970s and 1980s, mostly in the vicinity of the critical temperature. Much less attention has been paid to low temperatures and the role of the quasiparticle spin. RESULTS We report here on nonlocal transport in superconductor hybrid structures at very low temperatures. By comparing the nonloc...

We introduce a simple spherical model whose structural properties are similar to the ones generated by models with directional interactions, by employing a binary mixture of large and small hard spheres, with a square-well attraction acting only between particles of different sizes. The small particles provide the bonds between the large ones. With a proper choice of the interaction parameters,...

Using percolation theory, we derive a conceptual definition of deconfinement in terms of cluster formation. The result is readily applicable to infinite volume equilibrium matter as well as to finite size pre-equilibrium systems in nuclear collisions.

I thank all those who supported me in this work with advice and encouragement. Especially I would like to thank Jacobo Toran and Johannes Köbler. But of course I won't forget all others in Stuttgart and Ulm who rouse or strengthened my interest in theoretical computer science, and those who helped me to find pleasure while I have been working. Special thanks go to Sibylle for her help and her l...

Turbulence in a superfluid in the zero-temperature limit consists of a dynamic tangle of quantized vortex filaments. Different types of turbulence are possible depending on the level of correlations in the orientation of vortex lines. We provide an overview of turbulence in superfluid (4)He with a particular focus on recent experiments probing the decay of turbulence in the zero-temperature reg...

The present article gives an overview of analytical and simulation approaches to describe the relaxation dynamics of proteins. Particularly emphasised are recent developments of theoretical models, such as fractional Brownian dynamics. The latter connects dynamical events seen on the pico- to nanosecond time scale, accessible to quasielastic neutron scattering, and functional dynamics of protei...

This paper describes the synthesis and hardware implementation of a signal-type asynchronous data communication mechanism (ACM). Such an ACM can be used in systems where a data-driven (“lazy”) logic must be interfaced with a time-driven (“busy”) environment. A new classification system for ACMs is introduced. The conceptual definition of the signal ACM (called simply “Signal”) is refined using ...

This paper provides an overview of the field of security metrics and discusses results of a survey of security experts on the topic. It describes a new framework for developing security metrics that focuses on effectiveness measures while maintaining measures of correctness. It introduces a view of security as a theoretical concept which encapsulates multiple aspects of a system. Viewing securi...