OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence supports the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of β-lactams for intensive care unit (ICU) patients to optimize drug exposure, although limited detail is available on how sites run this service in practice. This multicentre survey study was performed to describe the various approaches used for β-lactam TDM in ICUs. METHODS A questionnaire survey was develope...

With the increasing use of mycophenolic acid (MPA) in solid organ transplantation, the need for more accurate drug dosing has become evident. Personalized immunosuppressive therapy requires better strategies for avoidance of drug-related toxicity while maintaining efficacy. Few studies have assessed the clinical usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of MPA in solid organ transplantati...

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs is a decisive tool, allowing the clinician to successfully treat TB patients. The objective of the study was to develop and optimize a simple, sensitive, and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA), and rifampin (RIF) levels...

Abstract Introduction Clozapine is a high-risk drug that used widely in Secondary and Tertiary Centres.1 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) advice recommendation readily available from distinguished authors.2,3 The rate of clozapine TDM, appropriate sample collection for actions following level varies between services prescribers within our organisation. Aim To establish how many current West Lo...

Most psychotropic drugs used in the treatment of children and adolescents are applied "off label" with a direct risk of under- or overdosing and a delayed risk of long-term side effects. The selection of doses in paediatric psychiatric patients requires a consideration of pharmacokinetic parameters and the development of central nervous system, and warrants specific studies in children and adol...

Everolimus (Certican,® Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland), a macrolide antibiotic derived by chemical modification of a natural product, sirolimus (Rapamune,® Wyeth-Ayerst, Princeton, NY, USA), is a potent immunosuppressive agent that prevents the rejection of solid organ grafts [1, 2]. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays a key role in maintaining blood everolimus concentrations within...

ABBREVIATIONS IN THIS CHAPTER AKI Acute kidney injury Clh Hepatic clearance Clint Intrinsic clearance Cmax Maximum concentration CYP450 Cytochrome P450 Eh Hepatic extraction efficiency or ratio Fu Fraction unbound GFR Glomerular filtration rate KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes LNPEP Leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention PD Pharmacodynamics PGx Phar...

INTRODUCTION Despite plasma levels of certain HIV drugs decreasing in the third trimester of pregnancy there is no definitive evidence that therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) improves HIV control and prevents mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Indeed "one-off" TDM measurements are thought to poorly correlate with overall drug exposure [1]. We aim to describe baseline demographic and clinical c...