Goods producers in Canada rely on transportation networks to move raw materials and intermediate goods among production sites and finished goods to domestic and international markets. Firms in the retail, tourism and other service sectors also depend on transportation networks to assemble supplies and goods for sale and to bring customers to their facilities. Events that disable parts of the tr...

The rational economic load dispatch can not only save the energy, but also improve efficiency of power systems. Therefore it is important to research economic load dispatch problem. However, The problem is a complex and nonlinear optimization problem considering valve-point loading effects of generating units; it is difficult to solve the problem using traditional optimization method. Therefore...

A deterministic model based on the gene flow method, considering the features of Iranian Holstein cattle population, was implemented in this study to evaluate the effect of altering the number of age-classes in the dams of future sire (DS) path and the number of dams required for breeding a young bull (YB), to be evaluated as future sire, on genetic gain and resultant economic efficiency of a g...