Some HVAC systems save energy by creating stratified air temperature distributions in which the occupied lower regions are cooler and the upper regions warmer. Comfort standards prescribe a 3°C limit to vertical stratification, independent of where the mean temperature is relative to the comfort zone. This paper evaluates thermal comfort in stratified environments using a model developed to pre...

Industrialization and increasing demand for the consumption of fossil fuels cause that energy becomes a strategic factor. Energy crisis and the emergence of modern architecture led designers to pay more attention to the important task of building's envelope. Building skins play an important role in building thermal behavior and reduce energy consumption. If Double Skin Facades properly designed...

In this paper, we address the challenge of predicting optimal comfort temperatures of individual users of a smart heating system. At present, such systems use simple models of user comfort when deciding on a set point temperature. These models generally fail to adapt to an individual user’s preferences, resulting in poor estimates of a user’s preferred temperature. To address this issue, we pro...

The fluctuation characteristic of airflow is one of the important factors to influence the indoor thermal environment and human thermal comfort, which attracts researchers’ interest in these years. This paper introduces the recent researches on the fluctuation characteristics of airflow conducted in Tsinghua University. Results show that there exist obvious differences and interesting connectio...

In this paper, a new technique is being proposed to estimate the PMV by using an array of sensors for the automatic control of thermal sensation scale of the air conditioning system. The predicted mean vote (PMV) is a well recognized thermal comfort index and is used for measuring comfort level inside the conditioned space. It is a mathematical function dependent on air temperature, relative hu...

The article describes the design phase, development and practical application of a smart object integrated in a desk lamp and called "Smart Lamp", useful to optimize the indoor thermal comfort and energy savings that are two important workplace issues where the comfort of the workers and the consumption of the building strongly affect the economic balance of a company. The Smart Lamp was built ...

The automobile car cabin is complex man –machine interface. Two main goals of Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning System is providing thermal comfort and save energy. Comfort is a subjective feeling and hard to model mathematically. This is because thermal comfort is influenced by many variables such as temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and radiation. Aim of this paper is to des...

Preparing thermal comfort conditions in outdoor public spaces is one of the considerations of architectural design. If the constructed area does not support comfortable conditions in outdoor spaces, it will cause microclimatic problems for pedestrians and adjacent buildings. Regarding the different thermal comfort conditions in outdoor spaces in comparison with indoor, several indices have b...

employees’ satisfaction based on their physical environment is an important factor that can improve employees’ performance, job satisfaction, and organizational productivity in office buildings. occupants’ environmental satisfaction are related to 10 different characteristics, including thermal comfort, air quality, lighting, acoustic quality, office layout, workspace furnishing, cleanliness an...