In this study, ‘Hanfu’ apple trees were used as a test material to determine the effect of a functional protective film on the ability of the trees to withstand temperatures below zero. The functional protective film is a quaternary copolymer prepared by emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate (Vac), butyl acrylate (NbA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA). The resulting copolymer...

The stability of transmission lines relies on the health of the insulators, such as glass string insulators, which may occasionally flashover during an overvoltage. The likelihood of flashover increases notably when the glass insulator is wrapped by a wet contaminant layer. In this paper a study of the surface thermal profile of glass disc insulators insulation had been carried out for both cle...

A series of smart window coated multifunctional NIR shielding-photocatalytic films were fabricated successfully through KxWO3 and F-TiO2 in a low-cost and environmentally friendly process. Based on the synergistic effect of KxWO3 and F-TiO2, the optimal proportion of KxWO3 to F-TiO2 was investigated and the FT/2KWO nanocomposite film exhibited strong near-infrared, ultraviolet light shielding a...

An isoperibolic calorimetric cell is built with glass surrounded by plastic insulation. The cell has a lid on which a thermistor thermometer, an electric resistance to provide the cell with definite quantities of electric work and a container for a glass ampoule, are placed. For measuring the thermal changes, an NTC thermistor, which provides an electric resistance signal that varies with tempe...

Complicated environmental problems inevitably arise when technology advances. One major environmental problem is the presence of electromagnetic radiation. Long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation can damage people’s health in many ways. Therefore, this study proposes producing composite boards with electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and thermal insulation by utilizing the structure...

The main goal was to optimise the thermal conditions within a diving suit and improve the user’s comfort. The wet diving suit consisted of (i) an external neoprene layer with air bubbles as additional insulation, and (ii) internal textile clothing to improve the insulation effect. Both layers were connected as a composite because the friction coefficient is very high. The core temperature shoul...

Heating consumes large amount of energy and is a primary source of greenhouse gas emission. Although energy-efficient buildings are developing quickly based on improving insulation and design, a large portion of energy continues to be wasted on heating empty space and nonhuman objects. Here, we demonstrate a system of personal thermal management using metallic nanowire-embedded cloth that can r...

In order to survive cold northern winters, honeybees crowd tightly together in a winter cluster. Present models of winter cluster thermoregulation consider the insulation by the tightly packed mantle bees as the decisive factor for survival at low temperatures, mostly ignoring the possibility of endothermic heat production. We provide here direct evidence of endothermic heat production by 'shiv...

thin bonded films have many applications in antireflection and reflection coating, insulating and conducting films and semiconductor industries. thermal conductivity is one of the most important parameter for power packaging since the thermal resistance of the interconnections is directly related to the heat removal capability and thermal management of the power package. the defects in material...