As the Earth's atmosphere evolves due to human activity, today's modern industrial society relies significantly on the scientific community to foresee possible atmospheric complications such as the celebrated greenhouse effect. Scientists, in turn, rely on accurate measurements of the Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) in order to quantify changes in the atmosphere. The Thermal Radiation Group (TRG),...

The spectral resolution of a MEMS-based IR microspectrometer critically depends on the thermal cross-talk between adjacent TE elements in the detector array. Thermal isolation between elements is realized by using bulk micromachining directly following CMOS processing. This paper reports on the characterization results of bridge-shaped TE detector elements that are cut out of a membrane. Elemen...

Silicon-based sensors are widely used for monitoring solar irradiance, in particular, the field of Photovoltaic (PV) applications. We present a method to correct global horizontal irradiance measured by silicon-based that reduces difference standard thermopile sensor measurements. A major motivation use measurements is their lower cost. In addition, response time much lower, and spectral closer...

An assessment of uncertainties for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1016 mm Guarded-Hot-Plate apparatus is presented. The uncertainties are reported in a format consistent with current NIST policy on the expression of measurement uncertainty. The report describes a procedure for determination of component uncertainties for thermal conductivity and thermal resistance for...

The thermal profiler is a scanning probe microscope with a miniature thermocouple (TC) at its tip which provides topographic and thermographic information by sensing heat conducted across a small air gap. The silicon micromachined thermal profilers (SMTP’s) described in this paper are structurally comprised of a probe that can be longitudinally actuated by an integrated electrostatically driven...

The energy consumption of isolated cardiac trabeculae can be inferred from measurements of their heat production. Once excised from the heart, to remain viable, trabeculae require continuous superfusion with an oxygenand nutrient-rich solution. Flow-through calorimeters enable trabeculae to be maintained in a stable and controlled environment for many hours at a time. In this paper we describe ...

Ionic thermoelectric supercapacitors (ITESCs) have recently been developed for converting low-grade waste heat into electricity. Until now, most reports of ITESCs focused on the development electrolytes, which then combined with a specific electrode material. Here, it is demonstrated that not only critical electrical energy storage but also greatly affects effective thermopower (Seff) an ITESC....

In planning the installation of solar panels at a location, it is necessary to have irradiance data that location. Solar obtained through direct measurements using meter. measuring instruments usually use one three types sensors, including thermopile (pyranometer), cells, or photodiodes. Each has advantages and disadvantages. The cell sensors are they faster response sunlight, more in line with...