Mathematical models for multilayer sandwich plates consisting of alternating stiff and compliant layers are derived. Two main types of models are described. First an initial model (analogous to the three-layer Rao-Nakra model) is derived under Kirchhoff plate assumptions for the stiff layers and Mindlin shear-deformable displacement assumptions for the compliant layers. The second type of model...

Titanium is a highly reactive metal so that a thin layer of oxide forms on its surface whenever exposed to the air or other environments containing oxygen. This layer increases the corrosion resistance of titanium. The oxide film is electrochemically formed through anodizing. In this study, anodizing of titanium was performed in phosphate-base solutions such as H3Po4, NaH2Po4, and Na2Hpo4 at 9....

When a shear ultrasonic wave is incident on a solid and liquid boundary, the proportion that is reflected depends on the liquid viscosity. This is the basis for some instruments for on-line measurement of bulk liquid viscosity. In machine elements, the lubricant is usually present in a thin layer between two rubbing solid surfaces. The thin film has a different response to an ultrasonic shear w...

the primary cilium which is an organelle in nearly every cell in the vertebrate body extends out of the cell surface like an antenna and is known as cell sensor of mechanical and chemical stimuli. in previous numerical simulations, researchers modeled this organelle as a cantilevered beam attached to the cell surface. in the present study, however, we present a novel model that accommodates for...

An accurate model named as the Modified Wolff Model (MWM) is presented as an efficient CAD tool for determination of resonant frequency of the dominant and higher order modes under the multi-layer condition in thin and thick circular microstrip patch antennas. The effects of dielectric cover on the resonant frequency obtained from MWM have been compared against the result of theoretical method ...

Background: Hydatid disease is characterized by long-term growth of hydatid cysts in the human. The glycan antigens have an important role in the immunology of hydatid cyst. In this study immunological reaction of host sera to different glycan antigens of the cyst, has been investigated. Methods: The antibody responses were tested to glycoprotein and glycolipid of the laminated layer (LL), c...

Two-dimensional, averaged over the thickness of layer, mathematical theory spreading a plastic layer on plane has been studied. General and simplified formulations boundary value problem were presented. The stretching strip by forces applied its “clamped” ends was investigated. analysis various modes process carried out, which are determined both total compression force tensile force. Mathemati...

In this work, the effect of presence of the sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), as an inorganic salt, on improving the performance of polyamide (PA) thin layer membranes has been studied. Characterization analyses confirmed the presence of the salt on the whole surface structure of the thin layer. Different salt loadings resulted in different fluxes and Cu (II) rejections. The thin layer containing...

This paper presents a general model for calculating the density of states and the Cooper pair potential in proximised superconducting biand trilayer films. It is valid for any kind of bilayer S1-S2, whatever the quality of the materials S1 and S2, the quality of the S1-S2 interface and the layer thicknesses. The trilayer model is valid for a thin S3 layer, whereas the other two layers have arbi...