in this study, nf membrane was used for surface water treatment. the rejection of organic material, measured as total organic carbon (toc), by nanofiltration was examined. the effects of application of pre-ozonation and pre-chlorination on toc removal are discussed and their performances are compared with the performances of nanofiltraion system without pretreatment process. in nf, natural orga...

A subunit of the preprotein translocon of the outer envelope of chloroplasts (Toc complex) of 64 kD is described, Toc64. Toc64 copurifies on sucrose density gradients with the isolated Toc complex. Furthermore, it can be cross-linked in intact chloroplasts to a high molecular weight complex containing both Toc and Tic subunits and a precursor protein. The 0 A cross-linker CuCl(2) yields the rev...

BACKGROUND Treatment of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis JIA (sJIA), although dramatically improved, remains a challenge. Experience from clinical practice will be presented using data from the German Biologics register (BiKeR) for evaluation of efficacy and safety of treatment with etanercept (ETA), tocilizumab (TOC) and the interleukin-1 inhibitors anakinra and canakinumab (IL-1i)...

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), diatoms, pollen, charcoal, loss-on-ignition (LOI), and nutrient elements in lake sediments were used to assess important factors controlling Holocene changes in the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration, pCO2, color and pH of lake water in three boreal forest lakes in northern Sweden. The results suggest that mire formation, fire frequency and humidity are ...

The translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (TOC) initiates the import of thousands of nuclear encoded preproteins required for chloroplast biogenesis and function. The multimeric TOC complex contains two GTP-regulated receptors, Toc34 and Toc159, which recognize the transit peptides of preproteins and initiate protein import through a β-barrel membrane channel, Toc75. Differe...

The performance of combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for the advanced treatment of an effluent from an integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that under the optimum Fenton oxidation conditions (initial pH 5, H2O2 dosage 17 mmol/L, and Fe2+ 1.7 mmol/L) the average total organic carbon (TOC) and color removal rat...

introduction: soil organic matter is influenced strongly by vegetation cover and management, therefore it is proposed as the main indicator of soil quality and health. the changes in soil organic matter status occur much more rapidly in the labile pools than in organic c. thus, labile pools can be used as early indicators of changes in total organic matter that will become more obvious in the l...

BACKGROUND The Theory of Change (ToC) is a management and evaluation tool supporting critical thinking in the design, implementation and evaluation of development programmes. We document the experience of Future Health Systems (FHS) Consortium research teams in Bangladesh, India and Uganda with using ToC. We seek to understand how and why ToCs were applied and to clarify how they facilitate the...

INTRODUCTION Infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the pharynx (pharyngeal Ng) is associated with gonococcal transmission and development of antimicrobial resistance. We assessed proportion of and determinants for persistence after treatment of pharyngeal Ng. METHODS At the STI clinic of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, females-at-risk and men who have sex with men are routinely screened for phary...

Transition of care (ToC) points, and in particular hospital admission and discharge, can be associated with an increased risk of adverse drug events (ADEs) and other drug-related problems (DRPs). The growing recognition of the pharmacist as an expert in medication management, patient education and communication makes them well placed to intervene. There is evidence to indicate that the inclusio...