En este artículo analizamos la expansión de red ferrocarril en España a partir evolución las compañías del sector durante el período 1848-1941. Para ello hemos elaborado una nueva base datos que incluye los tramos, líneas y estaciones apeaderos operó cada compañía uno años período. Además, utilizamos GIS para vincular proceso con territorio sus características. Nuestros resultados señalan mayor...

* 1 CUBIC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168 Street BB217, New York, NY 10032, USA; 2 Columbia University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (C2B2), Russ Berrie Pavilion, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA; 3 North East Structural Genomics Consortium (NESG), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, ...

Biological functions are generated as a result of developmental dynamics that form phenotypes governed by genotypes. The dynamical system for development is shaped through genetic evolution following natural selection based on the fitness of the phenotype. Here we study how this dynamical system is robust to noise during development and to genetic change by mutation. We adopt a simplified trans...

We present a technique that enables a software agent to augment its ontology with domain related concepts by collaborating with other agents. The collaborating agents have their own individual ontologies, they can share concepts and relationships that relate to a requested specific concept (which is known as a fragment). Thus, specifically, our technique selects the fragments that will be share...

The automated generation of controllers for real-world autonomous agents by means of evolutionary methods has recently attracted a lot of attention. Most of the pertinent research has employed genetic algorithms or variations thereof. We have applied a diierent evolutionary method to the generation of a control architecture for Braitenberg vehicles, namely \evolution-ary strategies". The applic...

lution—defined as descent with modification from a common ancestor as a result of natural selection acting on genetic variation—has traditionally been a challenge for most high school biology teachers and has become even more controversial and difficult recently. This is largely due to pressure against teaching evolution by many school boards, school administrators, and parents, and by a highly...