Nowadays thyroid gland disorder is very common disease. More than one third of all women may be found to have at least one thyroid nodule disorder during their lifetime. Thyroid detection test is usually done by invasive and noninvasive methods. Invasive methods are traumatic methods and non-invasive methods like ultrasound and x-rays should not be used many time. Thyroid function tests (TFTs) ...

Introduction hyroid gland receives more blood per gram of tissue (5.5 ml/gm/min) than any other organ. 1 All blood is supplied by a number of arteries and drained by an even greater number of veins. Recurrent laryngeal nerve is intimately related with thyroid gland especially with inferior thyroid arteries. The diseases which usually affect the thyroid gland are hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism,...

cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors in children. these tumors are generally asymptomatic, although they may be associated with neonatal tuberous sclerosis complex. despite the fact that thyroid dysfunction rarely occurs in tuberous sclerosis, papillary adenomas (hamartomas) of the thyroid gland have been reported in a number of autopsies. herein, we present the case ...

OBJECTIVE This paper aims to propose a protocol with the topographical relations of the ESLN and the superior thyroid artery in order to minimize the number of flaws in the proposals found in the literature. METHODS the cervical regions of 57 human cadavers from the Forensic Medicine Institute were dissected bilaterally, with photographic identification of the ESLNs and their relation to the ...

A wide range of morphological varieties and developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland have been reported in literature such as hypoplasia, ectopy, hemi agenesis, and agenesis. Out of these the incidence of agenesis of the isthmus of thyroid gland is rare and very few cases have been reported. In the present case report a male cadaver was found with agenesis of isthmus of thyroid gland with p...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an infrequent calcitonin-producing neuroendocrine tumor that initiates from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations are collaterally responsible for medullary thyroid carcinogenesis. In this review article, we shed light on all the genetic and epigenetic hallmarks of MTC. From the genetic perspective, RET, ...

Hemorrhage of a previously normal thyroid gland as a result of blunt trauma is a very rare condition. We report a case of blunt trauma that caused acute hemorrhage into the thyroid gland and presented with hoarseness. The diagnosis of thyroid gland hematoma was made with a combination of fiberoptic laryngoscopy, cervical computed tomography, and carotid angiography. The patient was treated cons...

Many suggest that clinical examination is the best tool to detect nodules of thyroid gland. They also ultrasound gland should be used only monitor any changes in size nodule thyroid. To study swellings Thyroid with an emphasis on multinodular goitre. The prospective, involving all patients swelling. All swelling cases were subjected FNAC. type thyroidectomy was based and whether neoplastic or n...

Thyroid ectopy is a rare condition, caused by dysfunction during migration of the thyroid gland its embryogenesis. It generally associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. Patients this pathology are mostly asymptomatic. seen in childhood an anterior cervical mass which confuses it cyst thyroglossal tract. The diagnosis made ultrasound imaging, scintigraphy and histological examination. Managem...

Advances in the development and improvement of medical technologies methods processing images make it possible to highlight clinically significant characteristics that were not previously available classical imaging. Ultrasound diagnostics thyroid gland nodules has a huge potential processing. The article presents an overview existing ultrasound classification systems for malignancy prospects i...