Confronted with a low serum level of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH), physicians should not jump to the conclusion that it is due to a hyperthyroid state, as other conditions and some drugs can be associated with a TSH level that is slightly low (0.1-0.4 microIU/mL) or frankly suppressed (< 0.1 microIU/mL). This review discusses how to approach a low TSH, stressing the frequent n...

Overt hypothyroidism is diagnosed by a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration above the normal reference range and a serum free thyroxine (FT4) concentration below the reference range (BTA 2006). Clinical features may be absent or present. Subclinical hypothyroidism is diagnosed by a TSH concentration above the reference range with an FT4 concentration within the reference range ...

As a first-year medical student, you could count on the simplicity and elegance of the thyroid axis, because all its details had apparently been elucidated. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) promoted the synthesis, release, and glycosylation of pituitary thyrotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn acted on the thyroid follicle, leading to the synthesis and relea...

The last four decades have seen enormous growth in the efficacy of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) assay methodology, establishing TSH as the hallmark of thyroid testing. At the center of the considerations is the strong inverse correlation between serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine concentrations. While it is widely accepted that elevated serum TSH concentrations are con...

T he thyroid gland, a 2-inch-long, butterfly-shaped gland located just below the larynx (voice box), produces hormones responsible for one’s metabolism (use of energy by the body). The pituitary gland, located at the base of brain, secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which makes the thyroid produce and release thyroxine, the main thyroid hormone. The pituitary is regulated by another ar...

Iodine deficiency during childhood affects physical and mental development. or excess both can negatively impact thyroid function. We conducted this study to assess iodine nutrition function in children with insufficient urinary concentration. A community-based cross-sectional was among the selected schools of Udayapur district. Urinary concentration (UIC) measured 1012 school (6-14 years). Bas...

Folate receptor α (FRα) autoantibodies (FRAAs) are prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). FRAAs disrupt folate transport across the blood-brain barrier by binding to the FRα. Thyroid dysfunction is frequently found in children with ASD. We measured blocking and binding FRAAs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4) (FT4), total triiodothyronine (T3) (TT3), reverse T3 (rT...

Hypothyroidism is a common disorder of the thyroid gland in which cannot compete with body requirement hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). classified into overt (OH) subclinical (SbH), first comprises cases that have elevated levels thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) reduced T4 while second TSH but normal levels. The goal present study to investigate level malondialdehyde (MDA) ...