background thyroid dysfunction is the second most common endocrine disease in females of reproductive age. there are controversial data on the adverse effect of subclinical thyroid dysfunctions on adverse feto-maternal outcomes. objectives the current study aimed to identify the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and to assess the effectiveness of treatment with levothyroxine on...

ectopic thyroid tissue results from abnormal embryologic development and migration of the thyroid gland. true malignant transformation in ectopic thyroid tissue is extremely rare and is always diagnosed after surgical excision of the lesion by pathology examinations. there are well-documented cases of ectopic thyroid cancer while primary tumoral lesion occurs in the orthotopic thyroid, but only...

Abstract Introduction Rifampin has a wide range of drug interactions through increased hepatic microsomal enzyme activity. We are reporting case patient with post-surgical hypothyroidism on stable thyroid hormone replacement therapy who required significantly higher doses levothyroxine after starting rifampin. Case Report Patient is 78-year-old woman history Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) in re...

Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the most common diseases in developing countries, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Tuberculosis has varied clinical presentations, varying from common primary pulmonary tuberculosis to the extremely rare tubercular otitis externa, as in this case. Tubercular otitis externa has an extremely low clinical incidence.   Case Report: We report the...

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has become increasingly important. A review of mutations in DNA gyrase, the fluoroquinolone target, is needed to improve the molecular detection of resistance. We performed a systematic review of studies reporting mutations in DNA gyrase genes in clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. From 42 studies that met inclusion criteria, 1220 fluoroqu...

Prisons play a significant role in the epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis. A total of 114 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates recovered from patients in the Archangel prison (Archangel, Russia) in 2001 were studied using restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis and spoligotyping. Drug susceptibility was analyzed by the radiometric broth method (BACTEC; Becton Dickinson Diagnos...

Methods A total of 100 ofloxacin resistant (OFX r) and 100 OFX sensitive (OFX s) isolates of M.tuberculosis isolates were consecutively selected from routine TB laboratory during 2012-2013. All the isolates were screened for phenotypic OFX r (>2μg/ml) by 1% proportion method and tested for minimal inhibitory concentration by absolute concentration method. Quinolone resistance determining region...

The prevalence of mutations at amino acid (aa) position 315 in the katG gene of isoniazid (INH)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in The Netherlands and the mutation's association with the level of INH resistance, multidrug resistance, and transmission were determined. Of 4288 M. tuberculosis isolates with available laboratory results, 295 (7%) exhibited INH resistance. Of 148 aa 31...

The Xpert MTB/RIF assay can detect mutations in rpoB gene that confer rifampicin resistance (RR) using five overlapping probes (A, B, C, D, and E). In this study, we described our experience with the Xpert assay in a rural setting in India. During the study period, 3250 samples were processed. The result was unsuccessful in 5.7% of cases. For extrapulmonary specimens, the risk of unsuccessful r...

TOPIC: Lung Cancer TYPE: Medical Student/Resident Case Reports INTRODUCTION: Miliary opacities are defined as innumerable 1- 4mm pulmonary nodules scattered throughout the lung fields. Differential for miliary pattern is wide including tuberculosis, fungal infection and distinct organ metastasis. We present a case of 37 year old male with seen on chest radiograph CT scan ostial lesion in his L2...