Due to its electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, tin oxide coatings can be found in a wide range of applications. Fluorine doped tin oxides are transparent for visible light, highly reflective for infrared radiation, and may have a sheet resistance down to 3 Ω/square. These thin films are used in architectural windows for reflecting heat [1], in solar cells for carrying the cell’s cur...

Article history: Received 2 April 2013 Received in revised form 25 July 2013 Accepted 26 July 2013 Available online xxxx Since the 1970s, automobile manufacturers have used electronics for safety–critical automobile control systems such as acceleration, braking, and steering. These electronic systems introduced functionalities in automobiles that were not feasible in a purely mechanical framewo...

Platinized TiN is shown to be a very good catalyst for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol; it does not contain Ru and the CO poisoning effect is alleviated by the presence of TiN.

Tin whisker growth is a serious reliability concern for electronics using high-density packaging. Whisker growth behavior of tin lead eutectic solders doped with different neodymium concentration (5–0.1wt.%) was studied in present work. Results indicate that the Nd in the all of the Sn–Pb–Nd alloys mainly exists in NdSn3 intermetallic compound, and that the distribution of the NdSn3 phase is ve...

Recent evidence suggests that cardiogenesis in organisms as diverse as insects and vertebrates is controlled by an ancient and evolutionarily conserved transcriptional pathway. In Drosophila, the NK-2 class homeobox gene tinman (tin) is expressed in cardiac and visceral mesodermal progenitors and is essential for their specification. In vertebrates, the tin homologue Nkx2-5/Csx and related gene...

It is well know that exposure to lead causes disorders of porphyrin metabolism such as elevation of ƒÂ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coproporphyrin (CP) in urine, accumulation of protoporphyrin (PROTO) in erythrocytes, and inhibition of erythrocyte ƒÂ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity.') In addition, it has been reported that inorganic tin (II) also inhibits erythrocyte ALAD activ...

Electrochemically-deposited polymer-metal composites, although explored for various uses, have only recently attracted attention for metallic bipolar plates used in fuel cells. Utilising a facile electrochemical deposition process, composite polyaniline and titanium nitride nanoparticle (PANI-TiN) coatings of varying thickness (5–50 cyclic voltammetry cycles) and composition (TiN nanoparticle c...

Cucumber seeds were taken to assess the effect of temporal variation on the seed quality. Seeds were stored in three types of containers, such as metal (tin), polythene bag, and cloth bag. The containers were stored at room temperature and ambient relative humidity around three months. Seed quality factors viz., moisture content, germination percentage, vigor index, percentage of abnormal seedl...

Corrosion resistance of iron can be drastically improved by addition of passivating alloying elements. A supersaturated solid solution of Fe-25at%Sn was produced by mechanical alloying of commercially pure iron and tin powders for 24 hours using a planetary ball mill. Electrochemical measurements were performed on cold compacted unsintered specimens.. XRD investigation on produced alloy showed ...

Metal nitrides have received increasing attention as electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). However, most of them are suffered from poor cycling stability. Here we use TiN as an example to elucidate the mechanism causing the capacitance loss. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that the instability is due to the irreversible electrochemical oxidation of T...