Intervertebral disc (IVD) carries compressive loads and resists the tensile shear stress, produced during bending rotational movements. Hence, identifying its mechanical behavior has always encouraged researchers to propose various models for this tissue. Both viscoelastic hyperelastic have been observed regarding IVD. Therefore, study aims at mechanically characterizing tissue using existing h...

Objective: Implantable technologies should be mechanically compliant with the tissue in order to maximize quality and reduce inflammation during reconstruction. We introduce development of a flexible expandable implantable robotic (FEIR) device for regenerative elongation tubular by applying controlled precise tension target while minimizing forces produced on surrounding tissue. Methods: theor...