X-ray absorption fine structure ~XAFS! measurements as a function of temperature have been carried out at the Mn K edge for La0.7Ca0.3Mn12xTixO3 and La0.7Ca0.3Mn12yGayO3 (x and y50.01 to 0.10! and correlated with transport and magnetization measurements. Most samples exhibit colossal magnetoresistance ~CMR! at low temperature. The magnetization data show a concentration dependence: the ferromag...

Ocean tracer distributions have long been used to decompose the deep ocean into constituent watermasses, but previous inversemethods have generally been limited to just a fewwatermasses that have been defined by a subjective choice of static property combinations. Through air–sea interaction and upper-ocean processes, all surface locations are potential sources of distinct tracer properties, an...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are at higher risks of bacterial infection than healthy subjects. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are the first line of nonspecific cellular defence against these infections. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal directed migration of PMN may be one reason for the increased infection rate of RA patients. PMN migration was investigated in 68 peripheral bloo...

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), jointly sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA, previously known as National Space Development Agency, or NASDA), is the first coordinated international satellite mission to monitor and study tropical and subtropical rain systems (Simpson et al., 1988). A detail descriptio...

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) Goddard Profiling (GPROF) rainfall retrieval algorithm is an inversion type algorithm, which uses numerical cloud models and radiative transfer schemes to simulate the brightness temperatures that the TMI would see, thereby allowing one to relate hydrometeor profiles to brightness temperature. The variability in modeled hydro...

Up till now, the spatial and temporal dynamics of transverse mode instability (TMI) in fiber laser oscillator have increasingly attracted a worldwide attention. Here, we develop high-speed modal decomposition (MD) system to analyze coupling for above TMI threshold. A set angular-multiplexing transmission functions (TFs) are designed simultaneous MD monitoring far-field beam profile. The thresho...

The power scaling of ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) lasers emitting at the wavelength range 1030 nm–1060 nm has been limited by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect, and transverse mode instability (TMI). These effects pose challenges in achieving a high-output laser within while maintaining high signal-to-noise ratio. Based on counter-pumped amplifier uti...

This issue of the journal includes a critical review and reanalysis by Wing et al. (1) of a cancer study we conducted in the aftermath of the 1979 accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear plant (2,3). We find the lengthy piece tendentious and unbalanced. No notice is taken of any of the innovations of the original study, such as the exposure model that took detailed account of prevailing...