from the sacred uses of tobacco in South America, through its introduction for medical and recreational use into Europe and other parts of the world, to the history of the tobacco trade and its opponents. Where previous histories of tobacco have been either specialized or anecdotal, Goodman endeavours to be both general and precise. Tobacco's history has been studied from many perspectives, ran...

background: identifying the pattern of tobacco use and its related factors in employees is crucial. this study aimed to investigate the pattern of tobacco use and its related factors in employees of kermanshah province, iran. methods: in 2012, 7129 employees were investigated in a cross‑sectional study using the census method. data on tobacco use and on several chronic diseases obtained using a...

background: traditional thai tobacco (nicotiana abacus l.) is known as a non-virginia type whose mature leaf contains three to four times more nicotine than that of a virginia type. as such, the process of thai traditional tobacco production may lead to adverse health effects such as green tobacco sickness (gts). objective: to investigate the prevalence of gts and risk factors related to gts am...

background: as adolescent tobacco smoking has become a widespread problem in developing countries, it is time to understand the cognitive determinants of adolescents' decisions to engage in tobacco smoking. this study aimed to investigate the predicting factors associated with tobacco smoking among male adolescents based on prototype willingness model (pwm) as a theoretical framework. methods :...

tobacco is planted extensively in golestan province and high volume of its stem wastes remained without using and it is burned. as a useful purpose of these wastes and to reduce the environmental problems, in this the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with tobacco stalk flour were studied. for this purpose, the tobacco stalk flour as the reinforcement, in three levels...

Tobacco production is a key line in the Cuban economy and generates largest income agricultural sector. Within phytopathogens affecting this plant, Fusarium spp., constitutes pest of interest, due to vascular involvements that cause deterioration commercial value leaf. Therefore, research was carried out with aim determining antagonistic activity vitro native strains Trichoderma harzianum T. vi...

Barley lectin is synthesized as a preproprotein with a glycosylated carboxyl-terminal propeptide (CTPP) that is removed before or concomitant with deposition of the mature protein in vacuoles. Expression of a cDNA clone encoding barley lectin in transformed tobacco plants results in the correct processing, maturation, and accumulation of active barley lectin in vacuoles [Wilkins, T.A., Bednarek...

Prenatal exposure to maternal smoking has been linked to cognitive and auditory processing deficits in offspring. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that exposure to nicotine disrupts neurodevelopment during gestation and adolescence, possibly by disrupting the trophic effects of acetylcholine. Given recent clinical and preclinical work suggesting that neurocircuits that support auditory pro...

Objectives—To present a broad exploration of the relationship of women and tobacco in Indonesia and to describe action on tobacco and health specific to women taken by government and non-government agencies. Data sources—Published and unpublished prevalence surveys, oYcial documents, vernacular newspapers, secondary sources, unstructured interviews, and personal observations. Study selection—Da...