The projectile tongue of caudate amphibians has been studied from many perspectives, yet a quantitative kinetic model of tongue function has not yet been presented for generalized (nonplethodontid) terrestrial salamanders. The purposes of this paper are to describe quantitatively the kinematics of the feeding mechanism and to present a kinetic model for the function of the tongue in the ambysto...

The purpose of this study was to use cineradiographic images to investigate tongue movement during deglutition in anterior open bite patients with tongue thrust. Each subject had semi-spherical lead markers attached to the tip and dorsal surface of the tongue and was asked to swallow 5 ml of diluted liquid barium. Tongue movement during deglutition was recorded in the mid-sagittal plane with an...

OBJECTIVE To research the mechanism of the tongue inspection in traditional Chinese medicine and to study the special relationship between temperature distribution of the tongue and the tongue color. METHODS The temperature field of human and pig's tongue was measured by infrared thermal vision system and thermal-couple probe. The blood perfusion rates in the human tongue and the pig's tongue...

Sophisticated tongue movements contribute to speech and mastication. These movements are regulated by communication between the bilateral cortex and each tongue side. The functional connection between the cortex and tongue was investigated using oscillatory interactions between whole-head magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals and electromyographic (EMG) signals from both tongue sides during hum...

this study was conducted on the secondary school students by actively patient selection method it means that patients did not go to see the doctor themselves. the studies were randomly selected among the schools located in areas of average socioeconomic status. although geographic and fissured tongue disorders with no discomfort and with clinical sign are common phenomena, they are detected and...

background : tongue cancer is one of the most common cancers of the oral cavity, excluding lip, and the median age of the patients is approximately 60 years. methods : treatment results of a total of 110 patients with oral tongue cancer admitted to cancer institute of tehran university between1999-2003 were retrospectively analyzed. the patients were treated by surgery or radiotherapy or chemot...

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a hypercoagulable state and is associated with highly increased risk of vascular complications. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), these vascular complications are classified as blood stasis. Diagnosis of the tongue plays an important role in TCM; a bluish tongue, petechiae, and engorged sublingual collateral vessels are manifestations of b...

The influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) is investigated based outputs phase 6 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) models and compared to that in 5 (CMIP5). Results show overall CMIP6 reproduce ENSO-EAWM teleconnection more realistically than CMIP5 models, although they still somewhat underestimate observed. Based intermodel spread s...

The tongue is important for orofacial movements, including swallowing. Although numerous studies have focused on tongue pressure against the palate, its physiological role has not been fully evaluated. The tongue pressure generation may have the temporal coordination with the swallowing relational organs. The aim of this study was to clarify the physiological mechanisms of tongue pressure and t...