Dental anomalies are common congenital malformations that can occur either as isolated findings or as part of a syndrome. This review focuses on genetic causes of abnormal tooth development and the implications of these abnormalities for clinical care. As an introduction, we describe general insights into the genetics of tooth development obtained from mouse and zebrafish models. This is follow...

BACKGROUND Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning requires the patient's thorough history, extra and intra oral examination, analysis of diagnostic records comprising of orthodontic photographs, necessary radiographs and properly trimmed study casts. Tooth-size is the sum of mesio distal widths of the maxillary and mandibular teeth. For ideal occlusion, teeth in both arches should be prop...

We measured the molar size from a single population of wild baboons from Amboseli (Kenya), both females (n=57) and males (n=50). All the females were of known age; the males represented a mix of known-age individuals (n=31) and individuals with ages estimated to within 2 years (n=19). The results showed a significant reduction in the mesiodistal length of teeth in both sexes as a function of ag...

The Bolton Analysis has long been accepted in orthodontics as a diagnostic test to detect, localize and quantify anterior interarch tooth size discrepancy (ITSD). Although the Bolton Analysis has served orthodontics well, current restorative modalities, esthetic concepts and other important clinical factors not available or appreciated at the time of Bolton's work warrant a reassessment of the ...

As PART of a study of spacing-crowding at the Burlington Orthodontic Research Centre, cognisance was taken of the presence of mesial and distal restorations in primary molars in the sample. Since at age nine, more than half the sample of primary molars which could be measured had such restorations, the validity of the spacingcrowding data could be questioned. Specifically, it was of interest to...

Published data on tooth size in 48 species of non-human primates have been analyzed to determine patterns of variability in the primate dentition. Average coefficients of variation calculated for all species, with males and females combined, are greatest for teeth in the canine region. Incisors tend to be somewhat less variable, and cheek teeth are the least variable. Removing the effect of sex...

Comparisons within monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs can provide valuable insights into the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on the variation in tooth size. Twenty-two twin pairs (12 dizygotic twins, 10 monozygotic twins) aged 13 – 25 years who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. Mesio-distal measurements of maxillary and mandibular permane...

For diseases with an infectious etiology, birth order may dictate the age of exposure to childhood infection, while sibship size may be a proxy for the probability of exposure. The authors examined whether birth order, sibship size, and childhood housing density affect risk of tooth loss and periodontal disease. The study included 28,690 adults aged > or = 42 years who were participating in a 1...

trauma to primary teeth can lead to devastating sequels in development of permanent successors. the disturbance may range from enamel hypoplasia and/or hypo-calcification to arrest of dental bud development. crown dilaceration of permanent teeth is one of the consequences of trauma to deciduous teeth mainly due to intrusion or avulsion. this report presents a mandibular central incisor with dil...