This paper studies the long-term impact of societal socialization on values using the example of doping behavior in sports. We apply the German Reunification Approach to the microcosm of Berlin and exploit its 40-year long division into a capitalist and a communist sector. We deliberately chose attitudes toward doping to test the impact of ideology on values since (i) post-1989 disappointed eco...

A top-down, step-wise progressive computing model is presented as a mode of granular computing. Based on a multilevel granular structure, progressive computing explores a sequence of refinements from coarser information granulation to finer information granulation. A basic progressive computing algorithm is introduced. Examples of progressive computing are provided.

Introduction: Emotional stimulus is processed automatically in a bottom-up way or can be processed voluntarily in a top-down way. Imaging studies have indicated that bottom-up and top-down processing are mediated through different neural systems. However, temporal differentiation of top-down versus bottom-up processing of facial emotional expressions has remained to be clarified. The present st...

A very promising approach for integrating topdown and bottom-up proof search is the use of bottom-up generated lemmas in top-down provers. When generating lemmas, however) the currently used lemma generation procedures suffer from the well-known problems of forward reasoning methods, e.g., the proof goal is ignored. In order to overcome these problems we propose two relevancy-based lemma genera...

In response to Kobele et al. (2012), we evaluate four ways of linking the processing difficulty of sentences to the behavior of the top-down parser for Minimalist grammars developed in Stabler (2012). We investigate the predictions these four metrics make for a number of relative clause constructions, and we conclude that at this point, none of them capture the full range of attested patterns.

The traditional stepwise refinement based program derivation methodologies are primarily top-down. Strictly following the topdown program derivation approach may require backtracking resulting in rework. Moreover, the top down approach does not directly help in suggesting the next course of action in case of a failed derivation attempt. In this work we seamlessly incorporate a bottom up assumpt...