Background and Aims Awake fibre-optic intubation (AFOI) is an integral part of anaesthetic management of difficult airways. Conscious sedation is essential to assist AFOI. This study compared two different doses of dexmedetomidine in combination with topical spray and airway blocks for awake orotracheal fibre-optic intubation in patients undergoing elective cervical spine surgery with rigid cer...

Objective- To find out the best choice for complete recovery of digital dermatitis using four individual topical treatments.Design- clinical field trial.Animal- 550 dairy cows.Procedure- The trials were begun in March and finished in August 2005 in a dairy farm including 550 milking cows in the vicinity of Tehran .The prevalence of digital dermatitis (DD) was 23%. 126 cows with DD were selected...

Quantifying the erosional and kinematic evolution of orogenic plateaus has been limited by insufficient age constraints on their deformation and erosion histories. Palinspastic restorations suggest the central Andean fold-thrust belt and plateau evolved concurrently in Bolivia. We present an analysis that synthesizes 19 new and 32 previous apatite and zircon fission-track and (U–Th)/He mineral ...

In addition to topical delivery, nasal sprays offer an alternative drug administration route the systemic circulation, therefore avoiding need for painful, invasive delivery techniques. Studies on efficacy of date have been conflicting despite its potential. particular computational studies, e.g. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), spray deposition require realistic initial conditions, which ar...

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical effectiveness of topical intranasal corticosteroids in children with bilateral otitis media with effusion. DESIGN Double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. SETTING 76 Medical Research Council General Practice Research Framework practices throughout the United Kingdom, between 2004 and 2007. PARTICIPANTS 217 children aged 4-11 years who had at le...

At the time I was appointed to be the Honorary Editor of Occupational Medicine, one of the anticipated pleasures was the opportunity to express my own views, albeit they might not always be on the most topical issues of the day. It is in this spirit that I recall the frustration some recent experiences caused and mount my symbolic 'soap box'. A few months ago, in a Friday afternoon clinic, a pa...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim was to assess the efficacy of adding benzydamine (B) spray to standard treatment with a lidocaine (L) spray before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) as a topical anaesthetic regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 118 adult patients undergoing outpatient UGE were randomly assigned to receive L (n=44), LB (n=38) or B (n=36) before the procedure. The primary outco...

Levocabastine and azelastine are currently the only antihistamines available as nasal sprays for the topical therapy of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The present study was undertaken to compare the onset of action, efficacy and tolerability of these two agents in a total of 242 patients with this condition. This was an international, multicentre, open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial with ...