Microscopic analyses of mammalian gamete ultrastructure have provided among the most seminal insights into fertilization. Here we present a summary of ultrastructural studies of mammalian fertilization, together with a review of the effects of post-ovulatory aging in eggs, and our own results using scanning electron microscopy to examine the effects of post-ovulatory aging on the egg membrane t...

The capability of evaluating and managing rockfall related risks is largely based on numerical modelling. Nevertheless, the reliability and accuracy of rockfall models is greatly affected by the strong uncertainty and spatial variability which characterise all the relevant parameters. In particular, 3D effects related to the variability of slope geometry and micro-topography play a major role i...

* Corresponding author.e-mail: [email protected] Abstract In machining as a result of the cutting motion, the surface of workpiece will be influenced by cutting parameters, cutting force and vibrations etc. But the effects of vibrations have been paid less attention. Thus, by monitoring the machined surface topography of the workpiece and extracting the relevant information the cutting proce...

A fundamental element of future generic pattern recognition technology is the ability to extract similar patterns for the same scene despite wide ranging extraneous variables, including lighting, turbidity, sensor exposure variations, and signal noise. In the process of demonstrating pattern constancy of this kind for retinex/visual servo (RVS) image enhancement processing, we found that the pa...

Process flow simulation TCAD tools are used in this chapter to show how the planar process converts the layout into the device and interconnect structures. A good test of the working knowledge of a new process engineer or even a circuit designer is to hand them a circuit layout and ask them to sketch the device cross section. This requires an understanding of the ordering and patterning various...

This paper investigates the effect substrate preparation has on epoxy mold compound (EMC) adhesion to bare copper leads. There have been four basic strategies employed to characterize and subsequently improve adhesion between the EMC and copper: 1. Choosing a particular copper alloy, i.e. varying alloy effects in copper to improve oxidation control and thus adhesion. 2. Modifying the mold compo...