This paper clarifies the picture about Dense-choice Counter Machines, which have been less studied than (discrete) Counter Machines. We revisit the definition of ”Dense Counter Machines” so that it now extends (discrete) Counter Machines, and we provide new undecidability and decidability results. Using the first-order additive mixed theory of reals and integers, we give a logical characterizat...

The use of low-background liquid scintillation counting (ISC) techniques permits the simultaneous measurement of both alpha and beta emitters with efficiencies close to 100%. In this study, the counting parameters of a Wallac 1220TM Quantulus IS counter have been optimized for the best possible separation of the a and 3 spectra when measuring a sample containing 8 ml of water and 12 ml of Optip...

In a one-counter automaton (OCA), one can produce a letter from some finite alphabet, increment and decrement the counter by one, or compare it with constants up to some threshold. It is well-known that universality and language inclusion for OCAs are undecidable. In this paper, we consider OCAs with counter observability: Whenever the automaton produces a letter, it outputs the current counter...

This paper estimates the markup for the Mexican manufacturing sector to detect the impact of trade liberalization on market power. Using Hall’s proposal that states that a procyclical Solow residual is an indication of market power, this research estimates the markup for different periods to detect the change in market power after trade liberalization was implemented. We account for the potenti...

in diasporic literature the question of identity is tangled with the question of history. this study aims at discussing how yasmin crowther reviews the persian tradition in the saffron kitchen, her autobiographical novel which is mainly set-in early 60s, iran. the novel focuses on evoking and rewriting history by using different types of counter narratives that contrast with iranian hegemonic d...

objectives: skeletal-muscular disorders affect the biomechanics of the human body, especially the lower extremity, with a negative effect on the biomechanics of exercise. the main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fatigue on the kinematic variables of knee joints during countermovement jumps in female students of physical education with valgus knee deformity.  methods: fifteen sub...