Brain imaging in Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY) (KS), a genetic disorder characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome, may contribute to understanding the relationship between gene expression, brain structure, and subsequent cognitive disabilities and psychiatric disorders. We conducted the largest to date voxel-based morphometry study of 65 KS subjects and 65 controls matched for age...

The aim of this study was to determine whether performing Tai Chi Chuan on a customized vibration platform could enhance balance control and lower extremity muscle power more efficiently than Tai Chi Chuan alone in an untrained young population. Forty-eight healthy young adults were randomly assigned to the following three groups: a Tai Chi Chuan combined with vibration training group (TCV), a ...

The goal of this study was to examine the effect of an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)-receptor antagonist (TCV-116) on left ventricular (LV) geometry and function during the development of pressure-overload LV hypertrophy. A low (LD; 0.3 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ day-1) or a high (HD; 3.0 mg ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ day-1) dose of TCV-116 was administered to abdominal aortic-banded rats over 4 wk, and hemodynamics and morpholo...

In recent years, investigators have noted a trend toward a declining proportion of male births in many industrialized nations. While men bear the sex-determining chromosome, the role of the female partner as it pertains to fertilization or miscarriage may also alter the gender ratio. We attempted to determine a man's secondary sex ratio (F1 generation) by directly examining the sex chromosomes ...

Plants are challenged by various pathogens throughout their lives, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and insects; consequently, they have evolved several defense mechanisms. In addition, plants developed localized systematic immune responses due to biotic abiotic stress exposure. Animals known activate DNA damage (DDRs) sensor signals in response stress, the process is well studied animal syste...

Caterpillars of the herbivore Pieris rapae stimulate the production of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and trigger a defense response that affects insect performance on systemic tissues. To investigate the spectrum of effectiveness of P. rapae-induced resistance, we examined the level of resistance against different pathogens. Although the necrotrophic...

Dear Editor, The neurotoxic effects of ethylmercury (EtHg) accidentally consumed in Iraq were sufficient to withdraw ethylmercurycontaining fungicides as seed dressing. Despite that, not only did thimerosal continue to be used in pharmaceutical preparations but also toxicological interest in EtHg-derived substances diminished considerably and was never addressed with regard to the small quantit...

The paper by Kim et al. (2008) determining hair-Hg in Korean children (median age of 18 months) clearly included young infants (b6 months). They detailed their work according to levels of hair-Hg concentrations and explained children's Hg exposure through fish consumption. While hair-Hg is an acceptable indicator of fish-methylmercury exposure, there is a chance that infants' hair-Hg in their s...