The aim of this paper and its sequel is to introduce and classify the holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. This paper analyses the Tractor connection, the various structures it can preserve, and their geometric interpretations. It then presents the projective cone construction, a linking between standard affine holonomy and Tractor holonomy, and uses it to define the complex ...

Agricultural production has clearly benefited from the development of the tractor. The tractor provides a traction device and mobile power source. However, operating large equipment with high clearance on uneven ground leads to stability and overturn issues. Around the world, tractor overturns are still a leading cause of agricultural production fatalities. This special issue of the Journal of ...

A self-propelled agricultural sprayer was modified to enable both front and rear wheel steering through electrohydraulic control valves. These modifications, in conjunction with a digital controller, enabled the vehicle to be four-wheel steered in multiple modes. The research focused on modeling and evaluating the effect of multi-mode four-wheel steering on vehicle handling characteristics and ...

The aim of this paper and its sequel is to introduce and classify the holonomy algebras of the projective Tractor connection. After a brief historical background, this paper presents and analyses the projective Cartan and Tractor connections, the various structures they can preserve, and their geometric interpretations. Preserved subbundles of the Tractor bundle generate foliations with Ricci-f...

Great care is needed to obtain spectral data appropriate for phenotyping in a scientifically rigorous manner. This paper discusses the procedures and considerations necessary and also suggests important pre-processing and analytical steps leading to real-time, non-destructive assessment of crop biophysical characteristics. The system has three major components: (1) data-collection platforms (wi...

ABSTRACT: An increase in 2,4-D use is expected as tolerant crops have been approved to Brazil, which may negatively affect important such tobacco. Our objective was determine safe distances between applications and tobacco fields considering herbicide contamination the harvested product. A field experiment conducted, consisting of a application done perpendicularly wind direction, using tractor...

Between 1920 and 1939 a nearly six-fold increase occurred in the number of tractors on American farms, from 246,000 tractors in 1920 to 1,445,000 tractors in 1939 [5]. This substantial growth in tractor usage occurred during a period where the role of the tractor in agricultural production was changing. In 1920, the tractor was primarily viewed as the supplier of the peak power needs in spring ...

The article presents the results of a field experiment developed controlled attachment device (UNU-3) as part an aggregate with MTZ-1221 tractor and mounted cultivator KON-2.8 provides recommendations for its use. It was found that when using device, range variations in numerical values deviation axis from line set by navigation equipment at speed unit 1.39 m/s to 1.94 ranged 0.08 0.04, which i...

The performance of agricultural tires varies with the characteristics both terrain and tractors on which they are mounted, differently affect rolling resistance, traction capacity, slip. To reduce variability test conditions, CREA developed an original mobile (MTB) bench consists a dynamometric single axle trailer pulled by tractor can be used in tests (driving wheels) resistance (driven wheels...