This article summarizes insights from the 36th Energy Modeling Forum study (EMF36) on magnitude and distribution of economic adjustment costs greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Under Paris Agreement, countries have committed to targets – so-called Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in order combat global warming. The suggests that aligning NDCs with commonly agreed 2°C temperatu...

present study, compares iran's agricultural products competitiveness power with mena's countries during 1995-2011. for accomplishing mentioned goal, first, agricultural commodities export and import indices calculated for each one of twenty countries of mentioned region and then revealed comparative advantages index of agricultural commodities trade calculated. results showed that iran had comp...

2 Summary Economists generally argue that the level and structure of a country's own trade barriers, as well as the "quality" of its governance policies, such as regulations on foreign investment or bureaucratic "red tape" on commercial activity, will have a major influence on its economic growth and performance. However, a problem previously encountered in attempts to test these relations empi...

This paper employs two stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) to investigate the efficiency effects of removing trade barriers on banking performance for a sample of Asian developing economies over the period 1997–2006. First, the DEA is employed to estimate the efficiency scores of banks. After that, the estimated DEA scores are analysed by density analysis and regressed on indices of trade bar...

We set up a symmetric two-country model with two multinationals competing on the quantities and possibly manipulating their transfer prices. Governments choose both the corporate profit tax rate and the level of enforcement of the “arm’s length” principle. We show that stronger enforcement increases equilibrium tax rates. We also find that a larger international ownership of multinationals lead...

In this paper, we empirically investigate how the ideology of the government in power a®ects trade policy. The prediction of a partisan, ideology-based model (within a two-sector, two-factor Heckscher-Ohlin framework) is that left-wing governments will adopt more protectionist trade policies in capital rich countries, but adopt more pro-trade policies in labor rich economies than right-wing one...

Fishing capacity management policies have been traditionally implemented at national level with national targets for capacity reduction. More recently, capacity management policies have increasingly targeted specific fisheries. French fisheries spatially vary along the French coastline and are associated to specific regions. Capacity management policies, however, ignore the capital mobility ass...

The recent globalization process poses significant challenges to small developing economies such as those in the Caribbean, which are already dealing with a number of issues in their pursuit of sustainable development. For Caribbean countries, the impact of globalization on trade has been reflected in increased liberalization and market-opening policies, especially during the latter part of the...