The article is devoted to commercial secrets as a special object of intellectual property. authors the conducted comprehensive analysis current legal framework and problems related protection trade secrets, focusing on complexities associated with in various jurisdictions, including Germany, France, United Kingdom Ukraine.The found that technology advances at an unprecedented rate, it becomes i...

Cap-and-trade programs such as the European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) expose firms to considerable risks, which can respond with hedging. We develop an intertemporal stochastic equilibrium model analyze implications of hedging by risk-averse firms. show that resulting time-varying risk premium depends on size permit bank. Applying EU ETS, we find lead a U-shaped price path, beca...

Several European countries have decided to phase out coal power generation. Emissions from electricity generation are already regulated by the EU Trading System (ETS), and in some like Germany phaseout of will be accompanied with cancellation emissions allowances. In this paper we examine consequences phasing coal, for CO 2 emissions, sector, broader economy. We show analytically how welfare im...

The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) is the largest cap-and-trade scheme for CO2 emissions globally. This study evaluates impact on CO2-equivalents emission of increased stringency Phase 3, which marked a significant shift from previous phases ETS and significantly reduced number permits (EU Allowances—EUA) freely allocated. Our analysis reveals that increase purchased EUA had statistically si...

10 BUILT ENVIRONMENT VOL 43 NO 1 Despite these apparent benefits, scholars note that globalization may also present certain risks to industry.1 The opening of international trade and communications threatens copyrighted content, trade secrets, and other proprietary information; even more troublesome and less obvious, there is a danger that as companies shift production abroad, their capacity to...