Durable, electrically conducting yarns are a critical component of electronic textiles (e-textiles). Here, such yarns with exceptional wear and wash resistance are realized through dyeing silk from the silkworm Bombyx mori with the conjugated polymer:polyelectrolyte complex PEDOT:PSS. A high Young's modulus of approximately 2 GPa combined with a robust and scalable dyeing process results in up ...

Adsorption is one of the most promising decolorization techniques in dyeing wastewater treatment. Adsorption techniques for wastewater treatment have become more popular in recent years owing to their efficiency in the removal of pollutants too stable for biological methods. Dye adsorption is a result of two mechanisms (adsorption and ion exchange) and is influenced by many factors as dye/adsor...

Seven reactive dyes judiciously selected based on chemical structures and fixation mechanisms were applied at 2% of of shade on amidoximated acrylic fabrics. Amidoximated acrylic fabric has been obtained by a viable amidoximation process. The dyeability of these fabrics was evaluated with respect to the dye exhaustion, fixation, and colour strength under different conditions of temperature and ...

Biochemical processes by chemoautotrophs such as nitrifiers and sulfide and iron oxidizers are used extensively in wastewater treatment. The research described in this dissertation involved the study of two selected biological processes utilized in wastewater treatment mediated by chemoautotrophic bacteria: nitrification (biological removal of ammonia and nitrogen) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) re...

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are well established surface techniques that provide both elemental and organic information from several monolayers of a sample surface, while also allowing depth profiling or image mapping to be carried out. The static TOF-SIMS with improved performances has expanded the application of TOF-SIMS...

Water-soluble polymers have versatile applications but they are hardly used in wet processing of cellulosic substrates (cotton, viscose, jute, etc.), particularly in dyeing. In this paper, one such water-soluble polymer, polyacrylic acid has been synthesized, characterized and applied to viscose fabric in conjunction with various types of reactive dyes, namely triazinyl, vinyl sulphone, high ex...

We have characterised a dye-sensitised nanoporous nanocrystalline titania film used in prototype photoelectrochemical solar cell production. The film was sensitised with two types of ruthenium (II) based dyes for different times, between 0.5 and 24 hours. The penetration and coverage for each type of dye was studied using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Varying laser powers were appl...

Throughout history and across cultures, women as well as men have felt the need to change the natural colour of their skin, lips and hair, or to restore the colour of greying hair. For thousands of years, cosmetic dyes have been a part of all human cultures. The use of hair dyes can be traced back at least 4000 years; evidence from royal Egyptian tombs suggests the use of henna for dyeing of ha...