saqqā-ḵāna artists looked to cults, rituals, and visual elements of folk and local vernacular culture for inspiration. although many of these items appeared crude in their execution and lacked the artistic polish of artifacts made by professional calligraphers and painters, and were often created collaboratively as a kind of street art, their true significance was not lost to these artists. vie...

In this paper, the author examines phenomenology and hermeneutics as research traditions and proposes a philosophical basis for their use. The author develops an iterative research process model that meets the needs of socio-technical research into technical innovation. This rigorous hybrid methodology is called hermeneutic phenomenology and is shown to be an excellent approach to dealing with ...

This paper will take the view that common to many of the new challenges facing analysts is the apparent compositional and behavioural complexity of the systems of interest. The principle characteristics of complex systems are therefore be considered at some length. By assuming the ubiquity of complexity, it is argued that the pure adoption of a viewpoint that presumes the existence of an absolu...

In all ages, “philosophers and artists have proposed definitions of Beauty; thanks to their testimonies can thus reconstruct a history of aesthetic ideas over the time. But other things were with the idea of Ugly. Most often, Ugly was defined in opposition to the Beauty, but almost never have been dedicated ample studies, but some hints in parenthesis or some marginal notes” as U. Eco asserts (...

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