All oil and gas pipeline systems are run by human operators (called controllers) who use computer-based workstations in control rooms to "control" pipelines. Several human factor elements could contribute to the lack of controller success in preventing or mitigating pipeline accidents/incidents. These elements exist in both the work environment and also in the computer system design/operation (...

Abstract The design of critical facilities needs a targeted computation the expected ground motion levels. Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) is pipeline that transports natural gas from Greek-Turkish border, through Greece and Albania, to Italy. We present here probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) we performed for this facility, deaggregation results, aiming identify dominant sources select...

We examine the life cycle costs, environmental discharges, and deaths of moving coal via rail, coal gas via pipeline, and electricity via wire from the Powder River Basin (PRB) in Wyoming to Texas. Which method has least social cost depends on how much additional investment in rail line, transmission, or pipeline infrastructure is required, as well as how much and how far energy is transported....

The main purpose of the leakage detection system on a gas pipeline is to give a warning of the dangers related to a gas leak that could endanger human lives and cause material loss. There is a wide range of gas detection systems used to provide an early detection and warning in the event of a leak in a gas pipeline, one of which that is wired monitoring system. However, in its implementation, t...

This paper is focused on the discussion of the exact age, and environmental setting of the ‘Khvalynian’ Transgression of the Caspian Sea with the use of novel radiometric, isotopic evidence and GIS-linked modelling. Based on this evidence the Khvalynian transgression is viewed as coeval with the warm Late Glacial episodes in the higher latitudes, reaching its peak at 13.6 11.8 ka. During that p...

The Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non-communicable disease (CASPIAN) study is implemented in the Islamic Republic of Iran from 2003. The aim of this national school- based surveillance program was to provide accurate data of regular surveys of this program to be reviewing methodology, protocols, data collection and questionnaires of these surveys. Information wa...

A Blast furnace is an investment in the future. It is necessary that there is the proper dimensioning of all the equipment, systems and components as well as incorporation of technologies which assure the desired production and quality so that improved performance of the blast furnace can be achieved. Gas is one of the major resources of nature. Gas distribution across any part is processed by ...