background in today's changing and uncertain environment, there is a need for transformational leaders. besides, due to lack of effective leaders in organizations, identifying factors influencing managers to act as transformational managers is very important. spirituality is one of the factors, which cause managers to act as transformational managers. objectives this study aimed to investigate ...

Using a sample of 102 managers from a large nationalized bank in India, the study looked at the effect of leader femininity and masculinity on transformational leadership and the relationship between all the three with leader ethical behavior. Results show that leader’s femininity is the stronger predictor of transformational leadership and masculinity explains additional variance in transforma...

Requirements engineering (RE) techniques that promote creativity can lead to product innovation and business competitiveness. To investigate the role of i∗ in creative RE, we report a study involving nine analysts who generate creative requirements for the meeting scheduler in a transformational way. Our results reveal the interdependency of exploratory creativity and transformational creativit...

A. Overview (1) Organization: a. What is generative linguistics and phonology? b. Rule-based phonology c. How OT works d. Predictions of the model e. Acquisition and OT f. Current developments g. Resources B. What is generative linguistics and phonology? (2) Competence vs. performance Generative linguists are interested in describing what a speaker knows about their language, rather than in des...

This paper presents a syntactical m e t h o d of interpreting pronouns in Polish, Using the surface structure of the sentence as well as grammatical and inflexional inlormation accessible during syntactic analysis, an area of reference is marked out for each personal and possessive pronoun. This area consists of a few internal areas inside the current sentence and an external area, i.e. the par...

A common view of the history of morphological research within the tradition of Generative Grammar, and one that the present author has himself retailed on various occasions, goes as follows. As successors to the American Structuralists, early generative grammarians (especially Noam Chomsky, a student of Zellig Harris) inherited the structuralist theory of the morpheme as a basic component of li...

This thesis addresses the design of appropriate formalisms and algorithms to be used for natural language processing. This entails a delicate balance between the ability of a formalism to capture the linguistic generalizations required by natural language processing applications and the ability of a natural language processing application based on the formalism to process the formalism efficien...

Applied linguistics and educational are part of linguistics. Someone who is interested in studying this science must be able to distinguish it have a deep perspective. The purpose literature review investigate the differences, similarities, scope, relationships between these two disciplines. This discussion based on secondary sources focuses applied linguistics, course, as topics discussion. st...

1. Idioms are constructions 1.1 Idioms in the Chomskyan paradigm Croft and Cruse (2004:225) describe the role of idioms in construction grammar as follows: “It is not an exaggeration to say that construction grammar grew out of a concern to find a place for idiomatic expressions in the speaker’s knowledge of a grammar of their language”. The reason for this focus on idioms in early construction...

Although, transformational leadership is among the most thoroughly examined leadership theories, knowledge regarding its association with followers' career outcomes is still limited. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms explaining how transformational leaders affect their employees' career success are yet not well-understood. Based on theoretical assumptions about the processes involved in se...