Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a pathogenic bacteria that causes hairy root disease by transferring bacterial DNA into the plant genome. It is an essential tool for industry and research due to its capacity to produce genetically modified roots and whole organisms. Here, we identified and characterized small RNAs generated from the transfer DNA (T-DNA) of A. rhizogenes in hairy roots of common bea...

Macro and micro-elements, carbon sources and elicitors play a central role during Panax ginseng hairy root growth, biomass and ginsenoside production and also influence numerous root developmental stages in largescale bioreactor culture. Due to the lack of biosynthetic nutrients and signalling-inducing nutrients, the regulatory role of mineral elements is not well understood. We have geneticall...

Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent (O. indicum), a significant endangered medicinal plant, was transformed by the Rhizobium rhizogenes (R. rhizogenes) mediated transformation method using bacterial strain MTCC 532. For successful transformation, factors such as explant selection, Co-cultivation time, temperature for induced root development, technique, and antibiotic concentration were optimized. Variou...

The development of an efficient protocol for successful hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes is the key step toward an in vitro culturing method for the mass production of secondary metabolites. The selection of an effective Agrobacterium strain for the production of hairy roots is highly plant species dependent and must be determined empirically. Therefore, our goal was to investig...

Buckwheat, Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn., is an important medicinal plant, which contains several phenolic compounds, including one of the highest content of rutin, a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory properties. An experiment was conducted to investigate the level of expression of various genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway to analyze in vitro production of anthocyanin and p...

Leaves of Withania somnifera contained more withaferin A and withanolide A than roots indicating that these compounds mainly accumulate in leaves. With an increase in age of the plant, withaferin A was enhanced with a corresponding decrease in withanolide A. Hairy root cultures were induced from leaf explants using Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the transgenic nature of hairy roots was confirmed ...

Long-chain polyisoprenoid alcohols built from several up to more than 100 isoprenoid units are common constituents of all living organisms. They were found mostly in plants, bacteria, yeasts and mammalian cells. In vitro hairy root culture of Coluria geoides was obtained from plants transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Growth was optimal at 0.75% (w/v) glucose and at 22 degrees C. Dry sam...

Plant derived chemicals are valuable sources for a variety of pharmaceuticals, flavors, dyes, fragrance, stimulants, poisons. Hairy roots are induced in susceptible plants by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Here we summarize the recent work using a novel bioreactor, the mist reactor, for the culture of hairy roots from many plant species. This study is based on the development of ...

The main aim of this study was to obtain the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) glycoprotein, through either stable transgenic plants or using a transient expression system, and determine the yield, quality and finally the immunogenicity of the plant-made CCHFV glycoprotein in a mouse model. We designed and synthesized a codon-optimized G1/G2 gene from the G1 and G2 parts of the CCHF...

* In this study, we tested whether the organogenesis of symbiotic root nodules, lateral roots and root galls induced by parasitic root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) was regulated by the presence of flavonoids in the roots of Medicago truncatula. Flavonoids accumulate in all three types of root organ, and have been hypothesized previously to be required for secondary root organogenesis b...