We have examined the effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on the growth of paired murine melanoma cell clones that differ with respect to their experimental metastatic potential. Neither poorly (clone 16) nor highly (clone M2) metastatic cells were capable of anchorage-independent growth in 0.3% agar/Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in the absence of serum. However, both ...

Immunoglobulin G-binding factors (IgG-BF), which are produced by cells of the immune system, inhibit antibody production. In this paper, we show that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) suppresses secondary in vitro anti-sheep red blood cell responses of mouse splenocytes and lipopolysaccharide- or anti-IgM-stimulated mouse B cell responses in a way similar to, and with the same kinetics...

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) selectively modulates hematopoietic cell proliferation. The proliferation of FDC-P1 clone MAC-11, a factor-dependent murine myeloid progenitor cell line, was inhibited differentially by TGF-beta 1: strongly in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), mildly in interleukin-3, and not at all in granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF). Flow cytometry...

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta may play an important role in airway remodeling, and the fibrogenic effect of TGF-beta may be mediated through connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) release. We investigated the role of MAPKs and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and the effects of inflammatory cytokines on TGF-beta-induced CTGF expression in human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC). We ...

Platelet-derived type beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta) is a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. TGF beta induced a 50% inhibition of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated DNA synthesis at approximately 5 X 10(12) M. This inhibition did not appear to be due to a delay in the peak of DNA synthesis or a toxic action, nor could it be ...

In contrast to the results of previous in vitro studies, experimental infection of calves with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncpBVDV) was found to induce strong alpha/beta and gamma interferon responses in gnotobiotic animals. These responses were associated with depressed levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in serum. The results of this study indicate that the imm...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members are secreted multifunctional cytokines that play pivotal roles in development and disease. The prototypic member of this family, TGF-beta, plays a dual role in carcinogenesis, acting as a tumor suppressor in early stages and as tumor promoter in late stages of tumor progression. Numerous studies support the notion that pathological angio...

While stimulating the growth of fibroblasts, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) inhibits the growth of various normal and malignant cell lines in vitro. We studied the effects of TGF-beta 1 in vivo. The level of TGF-beta 1 in serum was maximally elevated 2 h after injecting 1 muCi of 125I-TGF-beta 1 into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice. Five h after the i.p. administration of 10 ...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a pleiotropic growth factor with actions that are dependent on circumstances, including dose, target cell type, and context. TGF-beta can elicit both growth-promoting and growth-suppressive activities. In normal tissues, TGF-beta generally acts to restrict growth and maintain differentiation. However, during tumorigenesis, changes in TGF-beta expres...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) increases expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), although the precise mechanism by which it does so is unclear. We report that Smad2, a transcription factor activated by TGF-beta, mediates TGF-beta induction of eNOS in endothelial cells. TGF-beta induces Smad2 translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus, where it directly interacts with a ...