background: transient and stable transformation of host plants are the common techniques to produce transgenic plants. however, the main drawback of stable transformation is the fact that it takes quite a long time to produce a transgenic line. while, transient gene expression is a quick method to produce recombinant proteins in plants.  objective: the main goal of the present study was to eval...

cerebrovascular attack (cva) and transient ischemic attack (tia) are major causes of emergency department visits around the globe. a significant number of these patients may experience repeat attacks if left untreated. several risk stratifying scoring systems have been developed in recent years to point out the high risk patients. abcd 2 is based on age, blood pressure, clinical status, diabete...

one of the most preventable causes of mental and growth retardation is congenital hypothyroidism (ch). this study tries to investigate growth and mental outcome of patients with ch. since november 2006 and november 2007 in guilan province, north of iran, all neonates who were diagnosed with ch, evaluated for etiology of ch by laboratory follow up, thyroid sonography or scan. growth and developm...

This paper presents an overview of various simulation techniques that may be useful for predicting the in-situ (dynamic) performance of vapour-compression liquid chillers over a wide range of operating conditions. Four models were considered namely steady-state and transient physical models, and steady-state and transient neural network models. Typical real-time operating data taken under vario...

Distributed generation (DG) will play an important role in future power generation systems, especially in stand-alone applications. Three phase four-leg inverter is a well-known topology which can be used as an interface power converter for DGs. Thanks to the fourth leg to provide the neutral path, the four-leg inverter is able to supply balanced loads as well as unbalanced loads. In this paper...

Increasing DC loads along with DC nature of distributed energy resources (DERs) raises interest to DC microgrids. Conventional droop/non-droop power-sharing in microgrids suffers from load dependent voltage deviation, slow transient response, and requires the parameters of the loads, system and DERs connection status. In this paper, a new nonlinear decentralized back-stepping control strategy f...

Abs t r ac t When elastic structures are subjected to dynamic loads, a propagation problem is considered to predict structural transient response. To achieve better dynamic performance, it is important to establish an optimum structurM design method. Previous work focused on minimizing the structural weight subject to dynamic constraints on displacement, stress, frequency, and member size. Even...

Natural frequencies and dynamic response of a spur gear sector are investigated using a two dimensional finite element model that offers significant advantages for dynamic gear analyses. The gear teeth are analyzed for different operating speeds. A primary feature of this modeling is determination of mesh forces using a detailed contact analysis for each time step as the gears roll through the ...

There is a great resolution calling for smart grids in recent years. Introduction of new technologies, that make the network flexible and controllable, is a main part of smart grid concept and a key factor to its success. Transmission network as a part of system network has drawn less attention. Transmission switching as a transmission service can release us from load shedding and remove the co...