Besides the vehicle mobility, the data rate (bitrate) and multi-hop data transmission efficiency (including route length) have significant impact on the performance of a routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Existing routing protocols do not seriously address all these issues, and are not evaluated for a real VANET environment. Therefore, it is difficult for these protocols t...

The commercial plasma industry and blood trade can fuel the transmission of HIV in a community by the most efficient way in which HIV is transmitted: the parenteral route. Paid donors get infected at the time of donation through practices like the re-use of needles, and/or injecting human blood. Paid donors from developing countries are a major source for plasma used by the pharmaceutical indus...

the mesolimbic dopamine (da) system contains both d1-like and d2-like receptors, has been connected to control of locomotor behavior. an apparent role for d1 and d2 receptors throughout the mesolimbic system in the alteration of locomotor behavior has been demonstrated in pharmacological studies. the nucleus accumbens (nac) is comprised of a core and a shell subregion, which is a component of t...

In MANETs, due to the continuous change in the node location, the paths available for the transmission of data from the source to the destination also keep varying. Since the node power is a critical factor for the efficient working of the MANET, the usage of power in the network should be highly efficient. So, during the transmission of the data from the source towards the destination, routes ...

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.59957 ABSTRACT Mobile ad-hoc network has been used in various areas for data transmission over long distances. These nodes have been configured with different movable equipments. There are two types of routing protocols for data communication that are Proactive and Reactive protocol. Proactive protocols are table driven protocol that selects the route from the routing table ...

The advantage of multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) is its capability to route the packets through explicit paths. But the nodes in the paths may be possibly attacked by the adversarial uncertainty. Aiming at this problem in MPLS Network, in this paper, we propose a novel mechanism in MPLS network under adversarial uncertainty, making use of the theory of artificial intelligence, at first, w...

During route discovery of mobile ad hoc network, broadcasting of route request and route reply packets are the essential operations for finding the path between two ends. In such situations, intermediate node which may or may not belongs will participate in route discovery process, update routing table and rebroadcast the route discovery packets again to its neighboring nodes. Finally optimal p...

background: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) was firstly reported from california and soon became a pandemic in the world.this disease poses seriousthreats to humans’ health.in this study, we intended to examine the characteristicsof hiv-positive patients whoreferred to the behavioral diseases consultation center (bdcc) in shiraz, iran.   methods : this was a cross-sectional descripti...

In the MANET, routing protocols are used to provide the specific path for sending the data packets. Multipath routing provides the multiple paths in the MANET. So, in this paper we enhance the performance of Split Multipath Routing protocols by using route update mechanism. This proposal is useful in route recovery process. In MANET for sending the data packets through alternate path takes more...

In ad hoc networks, energy preservation on communications is crucial because most of nodes are battery-powered. On the other hand, communication delay is an important factor of real-time communications. Since energy-aware routes commonly have long route lengths, which commonly result long communication delays, a trade-off has to be made on route setup between energy preservation and communicati...