Elevated partial pressures of atmospheric carbon dioxide, similar to numerous causes of plant stress, may alter leaf pigmentation and structure and thus would be expected to alter leaf optical properties. Hypotheses that elevated CO(2) pressure and air temperature would alter leaf optical properties were tested for sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in the middle of its fourth growing season under tr...

Abstract. This paper presents result of a study on radiation damage and recovery for lead tungstate crystals produced at BTCP and SIC. Correlations were observed between initial light output and initial longitudinal transmittance at 360 nm, between the loss of longitudinal transmittance at 440 nm and the loss of light output, and between radiation damages levels at different dose rates. No corr...

We have measured the transport properties of two mesoscopic hybrid loops composed of a normal-metal arm and a superconducting arm. The samples differed in the transmittance of the normal/superconducting interfaces. While the low transmittance sample showed monotonic behavior in the low temperature resistance, magnetoresistance and differential resistance, the high transmittance sample showed re...

We present broadband measurements of the optical properties of tissue-mimicking solid phantoms using a single integrating sphere to measure the hemispherical reflectance and transmittance under a direct illumination at the normal incident angle. These measurements are traceable to reflectance and transmittance scales. An inversion routine using the output of the adding-doubling algorithm restri...

The first successful deployment of the fullyoperational ultraviolet rotating shadow-band spectroradiometer occurred during the May 2003 US Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program’s Aerosol Intensive Observation Period. The aerosol properties in the visible range were characterized using redundant measurements with several instruments to determine the column aerosol opti...

The transmission properties of one dimensional Photonic Crystals (PCs) with two defects having structures (HL) n (D1LD2L) m (HL) n, where m is the stack number of the Photonic Quantum Well (PQW) have been theoretically investigated by the transfer matrix method. The thickness and temperature dependence of the defect modes have been studied by considering Si and air as the high and low refractiv...

An in vitro test for the development of corneal opacity in response ocular irritants was first proposed by Muir (1984). This test required the clamping of a bovine cornea between two chambers filled with physiologic saline and measuring the transmittance of white light through the cornea using the voltage output of a photocell. This was followed by exposure of the epithelial surface of the corn...

This paper presents an advanced patterned vertical aligned nematic liquid crystal (APVA) mode as a way of improving the transmittance of the conventional patterned, vertically-aligned nematic liquid crystal (PVA) mode. The APVA was characterized by multi-electrodes, which play an important role in generating a horizontal electric field that prevents LC disclination in the vicinity of the middle...

Measurements of middle ear (ME) acoustic power flow (power reflectance, power absorption, and transmittance) and normalized impedance (acoustic resistance, acoustic reactance, and impedance magnitude) were compared for their utility in clinical applications. Transmittance, a measure of the acoustic power absorbed by the ME, was found to have several important advantages over other measures of a...

The concept of canopy spectral invariants expresses the observation that simple algebraic combinations of leaf and canopy spectral transmittance and reflectance become wavelength independent and determine a small set of canopy structure specific variables. This set includes the canopy interceptance, the recollision and the escape probabilities. These variables specify an accurate relationship b...